Abstract: The present invention relates to a fluorescent reporter capable of labeling nucleic acids including DNA and exhibiting luminescent properties at an excited energy level, and various uses thereof.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display and method of operating the display includes an array of LCD elements arranged as a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns. A respective one of a plurality of data lines is connected to a respective column of LCD elements. A column of dummy LCD elements is disposed adjacent an outermost column of the array of LCD elements, and a dummy data line is connected to the dummy LCD elements of the column of dummy LCD elements. Preferably, a respective one of the plurality of data lines extends along a side of the column of LCD elements to which it is connected, between the column of LCD elements to which it is connected and an adjacent column of LCD elements, and the dummy data line extends along a side of the column of dummy LCD elements, between the column of dummy elements and the adjacent outermost column of the array of LCD elements.

Abstract: Liquid crystal display devices include an array of liquid crystal display cells arranged as a plurality of columns of display cells electrically coupled to respective data lines and a plurality of rows of display cells electrically coupled to respective gate lines. A gate line on/off voltage generator and gate line driving circuit are provided to drive at least a first gate line with a turn-on voltage of first polarity (e.g., positive voltage) and simultaneously driving at least a second gate line with a turn-off voltage of second polarity (e.g., negative voltage). First and second screen clearing circuits are also provided to improve the screen clearing capability of the liquid crystal display device. The first screen clearing circuit can be electrically coupled to the first gate line to perform the function of driving the first gate line from the turn-on voltage (e.g.