Abstract: Disclosed is a crosswalk system according to various embodiments comprising an infrastructure including a communication device, a vehicle communicating with the infrastructure, and an indicating device electrically connected to the infrastructure. The infrastructure may detect an external object within a predetermined area through at least one sensor, obtain a location of the vehicle through the communication device, and based on the detected external object and the obtained position of the vehicle, transmit to the indicating device a signal requesting provision of information related to whether it is possible to cross the predetermined area from the external object or the vehicle. Other various embodiment may be implemented.

Abstract: Provided is a technique for electroless deposition (ELD) for forming metal conductive layer on an insulating substrate made of glass, polymer, etc. According to an aspect, an adhesive layer and a catalyst layer are formed on a substrate using a dry deposition method, such as are plasma deposition (APD) or sputtering, etc., and electroless deposition is performed thereon, thereby forming a metal thin, film. Therefore, it is possible to significantly simplify a complicated pretreatment process required for electroless depositions and increase adhesive strength of a deposited metal thin film.