Abstract: A carbon monoxide oxidizing catalyst for a reformer of a fuel cell system comprises: a compound including selenium oxide, tellurium oxide, bismuth oxide, or a combination thereof; copper oxide; and cesium oxide.

Abstract: A heater for heating a reformer of a fuel cell system includes a combustion chamber having a combustion catalyst layer; a distributor having an inner space and uniformly distributing a combustion fuel and an oxidant flowing along the inner space to the combustion catalyst layer of the combustion chamber; and an igniter igniting the combustion fuel and the oxidant, wherein the igniter is placed in the inner space of the distributor. Thus, the igniter is protected from combustion heat of the combustion catalyst layer and thus has improved durability.

Abstract: There is provided the reagent layer composition that can substantially reduce the measurement bias arising from hematocrits. The addition of fatty acid (4-20 carbons) and quaternary ammonium salt to a commonly used reagent layer composition composed of an enzyme, an electron transfer mediator, and several water soluble polymers not only reduce the hematocrit level-dependent bias but also provide very stable performance for an extended period of time. Disclosed are also various types of sub microliter sample volume electrochemical biosensors that are suitable to use with the reagent layer composition of present invention.

Abstract: Disclosed are a reformer with a plurality of heaters for precisely controlling the temperature thereof, and a fuel cell system using the same. The fuel cell system is constructed with an electric generator that generates electricity through electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, a pump that supply the electric generator with oxygen in the air, a reformer that supplies the electric generator with hydrogen, a water container that supplies the reformer with water, and a fuel container that supplies the reformer with reforming fuel containing hydrogen and inflammable combustion fuel.

Abstract: There is provided a fuel cell system comprising a reformer for generating hydrogen from hydrogen-containing fuel and at least one electricity generator for generating electric energy through an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. The reformer includes a plurality of reaction sections for generating hydrogen from hydrogen-containing fuel; a plurality of heating sections which supply thermal energy to the plurality of heating sections and which have a catalyst; and a main body receiving the plurality of reaction sections and the plurality of heating sections. The respective heating sections generate different amounts of thermal energy necessary for the reactions of the respective reaction sections.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell body to generate electrical energy using a reaction of hydrogen and oxygen; a reformer to generate a reformed gas containing hydrogen by reforming fuel and to supply the reformed gas to the fuel cell body; a fuel tank to store the fuel in a partially liquefied state and to supply the fuel to the reformer; a case to encase the fuel cell body and the reformer; and a refrigeration unit attached to the case to store ambient air of the fuel tank, the ambient air of the fuel tank being cooled by latent heat of vaporization of the fuel.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for efficiently starting a high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack and a fuel cell system using the same method. The high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack electrochemically oxidizes a fuel received from a fuel reformer to generate electricity, operates at high temperature, and does not require external steam. The method for starting the high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack preheats the stack through a heating block coupled to the stack, senses the temperature of the stack, compares the sensed temperature of the stack with a reference temperature, and supplies off-gas from the fuel reformer to the stack according to the results of comparison. Thus, the conductive heat of the heating block and the high temperature off-gas of the fuel reformer are used in sequence, thereby reducing a cost and preventing the electrolyte membrane from being damaged.

Abstract: There is provided electrochemical biosensors with a sample introducing part, comprising a sample introducing passage, an air discharge passage, and a void. The sample introducing passage communicates with the air discharge passage, and the void is formed at the point of communication. Also, disclosed is the electrochemical biosensor with the said sample introducing part and a fluidity determining electrode.

Abstract: A fuel reforming apparatus including reaction substrates is provided. The reaction substrates of the present invention is made of stainless steel, nickel steel, or chromium steel. Each of the reaction substrates has a channel formed on the surface of the reaction substrate. Reactant for oxidation reaction or for fuel reforming reaction flow through the channel. A catalyst containing layer is formed on the surface of the channel by directly oxidizing the surface of the channel. Therefore, the catalyst containing layer is formed with oxidized steel. A catalyst layer is formed on the catalyst containing layer. A pair of substrates can be laminated to make one substrate a thermal source unit and another a reforming reaction unit.

Abstract: A fuel cell system comprises: a fuel container for storing fuel liquefied with pressure; a reformer for generating hydrogen from the fuel through a catalyst reaction based on heat energy; an electric generator for generating electricity by transforming energy of an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen into electric energy; a condenser for condensing water produced in the electric generator; and a heat exchanger passing through the condenser for cooling the condenser by latent heat of the fuel. With this configuration, cooling water cooled by latent heat of a fuel container is employed to cool the condenser without using a separate cooler. Furthermore, air is mixed with butane fuel without using a separate power unit, so that it is possible to achieve a more compact and highly efficient fuel cell.

Abstract: A fuel reforming system and a fuel cell system including the same, the fuel reforming system including: a fuel reformer adapted to produce a reformed gas having hydrogen as a main component from a fuel containing hydrogen; a carbon monoxide (CO) remover adapted to remove carbon monoxide from the reformed gas; a heat source adapted to supply heat energy to the reformer and the CO remover; and a moving unit adapted to move the heat source between the fuel reformer and the CO remover. With this configuration, the fuel reformer and the CO remover can be directly heated by a heat source. Then, when the temperature of the CO remover reaches a catalyst activation temperature, the heat source can be moved to directly heat only the fuel reformer, thereby enhancing a reforming effect and a power generation efficiency of the fuel reforming system.

Abstract: A plate-type heat exchanger for use in a fuel cell system that has a fuel cell stack and a reformer is provided. The heat exchanger includes a substrate and a pair of cover plates. The substrate has a first face and a second face opposite to the first face. The substrate is disposed between the cover plates, and combined with the cover plates to form a first passageway and a second passageway. The first passageway is formed in the first face and circulates steam discharged from the fuel cell stack. The steam or water condensed from the steam is supplied to a water supply source. The second passageway is formed in the second face, and circulates water supplied from the water supply source. The water is supplied to the reformer after the circulation. The heat exchanger of the present invention improves performance and efficiency of a fuel cell system.

Abstract: A micro reforming reactor includes a first substrate with a micro channel having a width of less than 1,000 ?m bonded to a second substrate to form a micro tunnel. An adhesive layer is formed on the internal walls of the micro tunnel using a flow coating method. A catalyst may then be optionally formed on the adhesive coated internal walls of the micro tunnel, also using a flow coating method.

Abstract: A catalyst for reforming a fuel and a fuel cell system including the same is provided. The catalyst for reforming a fuel includes at least one active metal selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), vanadium (V), tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), tin (Sn), ruthenium (Ru), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), silver (Au), palladium (Pd), copper (Cu), rhodium (Rh), zinc (Zn), and mixtures thereof, supported on a metal foam, and a fuel cell system in which butane is used as a fuel, also including the same catalyst composition as a reforming catalyst for use in a reformer.

Abstract: A fuel reforming apparatus which generates a reformed gas containing hydrogen by reforming a fuel and supplies the reformed gas to a fuel cell body is provided. The fuel reforming apparatus is constructed with a burner which generates a flame by burning the fuel together with the atmospheric air, a reforming reactor which receives thermal energy of the flame and generates the reformed gas through a reforming reaction between the fuel and steam, an evaporator in which a pipeline for allowing the fuel and water to flow is disposed in the direction of the flame sprayed from the burner, with the water being evaporated by using the flame and the fuel and steam being supplied to the reforming reactor, and a spraying unit which is disposed in a direction of the sprayed flame to spray additional air into the evaporator.

Abstract: A fuel reformer including a first pipe, a second pipe which is disposed in the first pipe, a main heat source, which includes an oxidation catalyst, filling the second pipe adapted to generate thermal energy with a predetermined temperature range through an oxidation reaction of a fuel using the oxidation catalyst; an auxiliary heat source which includes a torch connected to the second pipe to ignite and burn the gaseous fuel, thereby preheating the oxidation catalyst to within a reaction starting temperature range, and a reforming reaction unit which includes a reforming catalyst filling a space between the first and second pipes to generate a reforming gas containing hydrogen through the reforming reaction of the fuel using the reforming catalyst by using the thermal energy generated by the main heat source.

Abstract: A fuel reforming apparatus in constructed with a main body including a first pipe and a second pipe disposed in the first pipe and a heat source installed in the second pipe and adapted to generate thermal energy in the second pipe. A reforming reaction unit is formed by filling a reforming catalyst in a space defined between the first and second pipes and is adapted to generate a reformed gas containing hydrogen through a reforming reaction of the fuel. A housing encloses the main body and allows a combustion gas generated from the heat source to flow along an outer circumference of the reforming reaction unit.

Abstract: A fuel cell reformer includes a main body having a first pipe with a second pipe inside the first pipe, a thermal source unit in the second pipe, a reforming reaction unit in a first region between the first pipe and the second pipe to generate a reforming gas containing hydrogen through a reforming reaction of a fuel, and a carbon monoxide reduction unit in a region other than the first region between the first pipe and the second pipe to reduce a concentration of carbon monoxide contained in the reforming gas. A thermal treatment unit in the main body supplies thermal energy to the reforming reaction unit and the carbon monoxide reduction unit at a time of initial driving of the reformer such that the supplied thermal energy corresponds to a unique operational temperature range in the reforming reaction unit, and to a unique operational temperature range in the carbon monoxide reduction unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a binder composition for a fuel cell including a proton conductor and one or more binders selected from the group consisting of poly[2,2?-(m-phenylene)-5,5?-bibenzimidazole] (PBI), poly[2,5-benzimidazole] (ABPBI), polybenzoxazole (PBO), and polybenzothiazole (PBT).

Abstract: A reformer for a fuel cell system including a plate-type reactor body which has a cavity for a catalyst layer. The reactor body includes a plurality of plates which are separately formed, a bonding portion which is formed between the plates and fixes the plates to one another, an aperture for catalyst insertion, and a finishing unit which seals the aperture.