Abstract: The invention relates to the field of immunology and, more specifically, to the treatment of infectious diseases caused by mycobacteria, whereby antibody compositions are administered mucosally and in other ways for the prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of said diseases. The invention relates to the preparation of compositions of human antibodies of class IgG, secretory IgA or mixtures of both having a specific activity against mycobacterial antigens for the prevention and treatment of infections caused by said type of micro-organism. The inventive compositions have demonstrated their ability to prevent in vivo mycobacterial infection.