Abstract: A method including reacting carboxylic acids obtained from fermentation and a carboxylic acid recovery step from said fermentation to produce short- or medium-chain triglycerides, wherein the reacting carboxylic acids comprises direct esterification with glycerol in the presence of a catalyst. Such method mentioned above wherein the produced short- or medium-chain triglycerides are further interesterified with an oil, butter, fat or other lipids in the presence of a catalyst to produce structured lipids. Yet another method comprising reacting carboxylic acids obtained from fermentation and a carboxylic acid recovery step from said fermentation to produce structured lipids, wherein reacting the carboxylic acids comprises transesterification with an oil, butter, fat or other lipids in the presence of a catalyst. The use of such short-chain triglycerides, medium-chain triglycerides and structured lipids as nutritional additives, dietary supplements, or both.

Abstract: A method for producing a preservative salt includes feeding a biodegradable feedstock to a mixed consortium of microorganisms or microbiomes to produce a fermentation effluent comprising a carboxylic acid mixture; recovering the carboxylic acid mixture from the fermentation effluent; separating an acetic acid and propionic acid fraction from the carboxylic acid mixture; and reacting the acetic acid and the propionic acid fraction with a base to produce the preservative salt comprising an acetic acid and propionic acid salt. The carboxylic acids have greater than 80% bio-based carbon content.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a method comprising: converting at least a portion of the biomass into medium-chain fatty acids or carboxylic acids ranging from C4 to C9; reacting at least a portion of the medium-chain fatty acids or carboxylic acids in a ketonization reactor to produce a ketonization product; and reacting at least a portion of the ketonization product in a hydrodeoxygenation reactor to remove substantially all oxygen and produce a hydrodeoxygenation product comprising n-paraffins. Herein also disclosed is a system comprising: a fermentation unit to convert the biomass into medium-chain fatty acids or carboxylic acids ranging from C4 to C9; a ketonization reactor configured to receive at least a portion of the medium-chain fatty acids or carboxylic acids and to produce a ketonization product; and a hydrodeoxygenation reactor configured to receive at least a portion of the ketonization product and to produce a hydrodeoxygenation product comprising n-paraffins.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and process facilitates the oxidative reforming of low molecular weight hydrocarbons, such as methane, to other hydrocarbons having 2 or more carbon atoms (“C2+ compounds”). Compositions having a formula comprising a metal, tungsten, manganese and oxygen effectively catalyze the oxidative reforming of methane with a high rate of conversion and selectivity. Controlling feed gas flow and catalyst bed temperature controls the exothermic OCM reaction, avoiding runaway reactions or coking. A single or multiple reactor system can be utilized for the oxidative reforming reactions. Using two reactors in series, catalyst embodiments produced favorable yields of C2+ compounds, in the presence or absence of a distributed oxygen feed, and with or without interstage effluent cooling. Removal of desirable end products from the reactor effluent, followed by recycling of the residual effluent, increases the conversion to, and ultimate yield of desirable end product.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and process facilitates the oxidative reforming of low molecular weight hydrocarbons, such as methane, to other hydrocarbons having 2 or more carbon atoms (“C2+ compounds”). Compositions having a formula comprising a metal, tungsten, manganese and oxygen effectively catalyze the oxidative reforming of methane with a high rate of conversion and selectivity. Controlling feed gas flow and catalyst bed temperature controls the exothermic OCM reaction, avoiding runaway reactions or coking. A single or multiple reactor system can be utilized for the oxidative reforming reactions. Using two reactors in series, catalyst embodiments produced favorable yields of C2+ compounds, in the presence or absence of a distributed oxygen feed, and with or without interstage effluent cooling. Removal of desirable end products from the reactor effluent, followed by recycling of the residual effluent, increases the conversion to, and ultimate yield of desirable end product.