Abstract: A lithium-ion battery electrolyte includes LiPF6 and an organic compound composition. The organic compound composition includes (1) vinylene carbonate (VC), (2) fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), and (3) at least one ester (ES). A mole fraction of the LiPF6 in the electrolyte is approximately c(LiPF6) mol. %. A mole fraction of the VC in the electrolyte is approximately c(VC) mol. %. A mole fraction of the FEC in the electrolyte is approximately c(FEC) mol. %. A mole fraction of the ES in the electrolyte is approximately c(ES) mol. %. In some embodiments, the mole fractions c(LiPF6), c(VC), c(FEC), and c(ES) satisfy the following relations: 8?c(LiPF6)?16; 0.5?c(VC)?5; 10?c(FEC)?26; and 40?c(ES)?75.

Abstract: A Li-ion battery cell includes anode and cathode electrodes, a separator electrically separating the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, and an electrolyte ionically coupling the anode electrode and the cathode electrode. In some designs, the anode electrode has a capacity loading in the range of about 2 mAh/cm2 to about 10 mAh/cm2 and includes anode particles that (i) have an average particle size in the range of about 0.2 microns to about 20 microns, (ii) exhibit a volume expansion in the range of about 8 vol. % to about 180 vol. % during one or more charge-discharge cycles of the battery cell, and (iii) exhibit a specific capacity in the range of about 800 mAh/g to about 3000 mAh/g.