Abstract: Light-emitting intra-cavity interferometric (ICI) optical sensors based on channel waveguide structures which include an internal light emitting material and a functionalized region. In some embodiments, the waveguides are made of a sol-gel which incorporates the light emitting material. In some embodiments, the waveguide structure includes an ICI resonator backbone and the ICI sensor is a laser sensor. In some embodiments, the resonator backbone has an interferometric Y-branch shape. In some embodiments, the resonator backbone has a Mach Zehnder interferometer shape. In some embodiments, an ICI laser sensor has an interferometric arrayed waveguide grating shape. In some embodiments, an ICI sensor may be remotely optically pumped and remotely read.

Abstract: A method of determining tyrosinase activity of a cell is disclosed. The method comprises: (a) contacting the cell with a phenol under conditions wherein tyrosinase of the cell catalyzes a reaction with said phenol, so as to generate a product which produces an electrical signal; and (b) measuring a level of the electrical signal, thereby determining tyrosinase activity of the cell. Use of the method for detecting melanoma in skin samples is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of detecting cancer cells is disclosed. The method comprises (a) contacting the cell which is suspicious of a cancerous or undifferentiated phenotype with 4-aminophenyl phosphate (p-APP) under conditions wherein alkaline phosphatase of the cell catalyzes a reaction of the cell with the p-APP, so as to generate a product capable of producing an electrical signal; and (b) measuring a level of the electrical signal, wherein a difference in a level of the electrical signal compared to a predetermined threshold is indicative of a cancer cell.

Abstract: A method of detecting cancer cells is disclosed. The method comprises (a) contacting the cell with a substrate for an enzyme under conditions wherein the enzyme catalyzes a reaction of the cell with the substrate, so as to generate a product capable of producing an electrical signal; and (b) measuring a level of the electrical signal, wherein a difference in a level of the electrical signal compared to a predetermined threshold is indicative of a cancer cell. The method may be adapted for diagnosis, monitoring a cancer therapy, identifying agents capable of treating cancer and individually optimizing a cancer therapy.

Abstract: Light-emitting intra-cavity interferometric (ICI) optical sensors based on channel waveguide structures which include an internal light emitting material and a functionalized region. In some embodiments, the waveguides are made of a sol-gel which incorporates the light emitting material. In some embodiments, the waveguide structure includes an ICI resonator backbone and the ICI sensor is a laser sensor. In some embodiments, the resonator backbone has an interferometric Y-branch shape. In some embodiments, the resonator backbone has a Mach Zehnder interferometer shape. In some embodiments, an ICI laser sensor has an interferometric arrayed waveguide grating shape. In some embodiments, an ICI sensor may be remotely optically pumped and remotely read.

Abstract: A method of detecting cancer cells is disclosed. The method comprises (a) contacting the cell with a substrate for an enzyme under conditions wherein the enzyme catalyzes a reaction of the cell with the substrate, so as to generate a product capable of producing an electrical signal; and (b) measuring a level of the electrical signal, wherein a difference in a level of the electrical signal compared to a predetermined threshold is indicative of a cancer cell. The method may be adapted for diagnosis, monitoring a cancer therapy, identifying agents capable of treating cancer and individually optimizing a cancer therapy.

Abstract: Light-emitting intra-cavity interferometric (ICI) optical sensors based on channel waveguide structures which include an internal light emitting material and a functionalized region. In some embodiments, the waveguides are made of a sol-gel which incorporates the light emitting material. In some embodiments, the waveguide structure includes an ICI resonator backbone and the ICI sensor is a laser sensor. In some embodiments, the resonator backbone has an interferometric Y-branch shape. In some embodiments, the resonator backbone has a Mach Zehnder interferometer shape. In some embodiments, an ICI laser sensor has an interferometric arrayed waveguide grating shape. In some embodiments, an ICI sensor may be remotely optically pumped and remotely read.

Abstract: An electrode coated with peptide nanostructures, composed of self-assembled peptides, is disclosed. The electrode is capable of conducting a response current resulting from an electrochemical reaction. The electrode can form a part of an electrochemical cell, a detector and a sensor array. Methods utilizing an electrochemical cell, a detector or a sensor array comprising the electrode for detecting an Analyte in a sample and kits containing same are also disclosed.

Abstract: Light-emitting intra-cavity interferometric (ICI) optical sensors based on channel waveguide structures which include an internal light emitting material and a functionalized region. In some embodiments, the waveguides are made of a sol-gel which incorporates the light emitting material. In some embodiments, the waveguide structure includes an ICI resonator backbone and the ICI sensor is a laser sensor. In some embodiments, the resonator backbone has an interferometric Y-branch shape. In some embodiments, the resonator backbone has a Mach Zehnder interferometer shape. In some embodiments, an ICI laser sensor has an interferometric arrayed waveguide grating shape. In some embodiments, an ICI sensor may be remotely optically pumped and remotely read.

Abstract: A method of detecting cancer cells is disclosed. The method comprises (a) contacting the cell with a substrate for an enzyme under conditions wherein the enzyme catalyzes a reaction of the cell with said substrate, so as to generate a product capable of producing an electrical signal; and (b) measuring a level of the electrical signal, wherein a difference in a level of said electrical signal compared to a predetermined threshold is indicative of a cancer cell. The method may be adapted for diagnosis, monitoring a cancer therapy, identifying agents capable of treating cancer and individually optimizing a cancer therapy.

Abstract: Low-cost, non-toxic and fast immunoassay systems (immunosensors) and uses thereof as analytical and diagnostic tools for detecting an immune response in a subject are disclosed. The systems and methods disclosed are based on recording an electrochemical signal which is generated proportionally to an enzymatic cascade reaction (enzyme-channeling) upon detecting an analyte, and therefore can be used to determine the titer level of an antibody analyte in a liquid sample such as artificial media, serum or blood both qualitatively and quantitatively, in a one-step and separation free immunoassay. Systems and methods based on recording an electrochemical signal which is generated proportionally to an enzymatic cascade reaction (enzyme-channeling) upon detecting an analyte, which utilize a non-toxic secondary substrate such as acetaminophen are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrode coated with peptide nanostructures, composed of self-assembled peptides, is disclosed. The electrode is capable of conducting a response current resulting from an electrochemical reaction. The electrode can form a part of an electrochemical cell, a detector and a sensor array. Methods utilizing an electrochemical cell, a detector or a sensor array comprising the electrode for detecting an Analyte in a sample and kits containing same are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting a parameter of a host cell, a cell culture or medium is provided. A host cell is transfected with an expressible DNA sequence which is under expression control of an inducible promoter sequence. The promoter sequence is inducible in correlation with the parameter, the expressible sequence encoding an enzymatically active product which can catalyze a reaction giving rise to an electrical signal which is detectable in an electrochemical measurement. An electrical signal determined in an electrochemical system then serves as an indication for the parameter.

Abstract: An enzyme electrode is prepared with a composite coating on an electrical conductor. The composite coating is formed from a casting solution of a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer, an enzyme, and a carbon supported catalyst. The solution may be cast directly on the conductor surface or may be formed as a membrane and applied to the surface. The perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer formed from the casting solution provides an insoluble biocompatible protective matrix for the enzyme and acts to retain the enzyme for long term availability in the electrode structure. The carbon supported catalyst provides catalytic sites throughout the layer for the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide from the enzyme reactions. The carbon support then provides a conductive path for establishing an electrical signal to the electrical conductor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel assay for the determination of entities having biological activity and to a device for carrying out such determinations. The assay is a very sensitive one and quantities in the picogram per milliliter range can be determined. The assay is based on chrono-coulometric measurements with sequential measurements of a plurality of samples being carried out with the aid of a multiplexer, in combination with a potentiostat, there being provided suitable electrodes and means for applying a predetermined voltage. One of the electrodes is advantageously a glassy carbon electrode, carbon felt or cloth or carbon paper. Amongst biologically active entities there are antibodies/antigens; hormones/receptors; nuclotides/nucleotide probes, one of the members of such a pair being immobilized on an electrode surface, being tagged with an enzyme providing a signal in coulometric measurements.

Abstract: The invention relates to an assay for the determination of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase-5 (LDH5) and to a biosensor for such quantitative determination.The assay is based on the interaction of this enzyme with the substrate lactic acid and nicotine-amine adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to yield pyruvic acid and the reduction product of NAD.Anti-LDH5 antibody is bound to a suitable glassy carbon electrode, this is contacted with the substrate containing LDH5, rinsed, inserted into a NAD solution, connected to an amperometric system, lactic acid is added and the current changes are measured, which are indicative of the quantity of LDH-5.

Abstract: An electrochemical sensor electrode is formed from an electronic conductor coated with a casting solution containing a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer and a selected enzyme. The selected enzyme catalyzes a reaction between a predetermined substance in a solution and oxygen to form an electrochemically active compound that is detected at the electronic conductor. The resulting perfluorosulfonic acid polymer provides a stable matrix for the enzyme for long lived enzyme activity, wherein only thin coatings are required on the metal conductor. The polymer also advantageously repels interfering substances from contacting the enzyme and contains quantities of oxygen to maintain a sensing capability during conditions of oxygen depletion in the sample. In one particular embodiment, glucose oxidase is mixed with the perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer to form an electrode for glucose detection.