Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for using butyrylcholinesterases (BChE) to treat cancer (e.g., triple negative breast cancer or prostate cancer). For example, methods and materials for using nucleic acid vectors (e.g., viral vectors) to express BChE polypeptides under conditions that reduce the number of cancer cells (e.g., triple negative breast cancer cells or prostate cancer cells) within a mammal (e.g., a human) and/or reduce the growth rate of cancer cells (e.g., triple negative breast cancer cells or prostate cancer cells) within a mammal (e.g., a human) are provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in treating cancer. For example, methods and materials for using an inhibitor of USP7 polypeptide to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells (e.g., CD340+ cancer cells such as HER2+ cancer cells) to treatment with an inhibitor of a CD340 polypeptide (e.g., an inhibitor of a HER2 polypeptide) are provided. Methods and materials for using USP7 polypeptide inhibitors in combination with CD340 polypeptide inhibitors to treat cancer (e.g., HER2+ breast cancer that was refractory to trastuzumab alone treatment) are provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in treating cancer. For example, methods and materials for using an inhibitor of USP7 polypeptide to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells (e.g., CD340+ cancer cells such as HER2+ cancer cells) to treatment with an inhibitor of a CD340 polypeptide (e.g., an inhibitor of a HER2 polypeptide) are provided. Methods and materials for using USP7 polypeptide inhibitors in combination with CD340 polypeptide inhibitors to treat cancer (e.g., HER2+ breast cancer that was refractory to trastuzumab alone treatment) are provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for using butyrylcholinesterases (BChE) to treat cancer (e.g., triple negative breast cancer or prostate cancer). For example, methods and materials for using nucleic acid vectors (e.g., viral vectors) to express BChE polypeptides under conditions that reduce the number of cancer cells (e.g., triple negative breast cancer cells or prostate cancer cells) within a mammal (e.g., a human) and/or reduce the growth rate of cancer cells (e.g., triple negative breast cancer cells or prostate cancer cells) within a mammal (e.g., a human) are provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in assessing chemotherapy responsiveness and treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer). For example, methods and materials for determining whether or not a cancer patient (e.g., a breast cancer patient) is likely to respond to chemotherapy (e.g., a taxane therapy) based at least in part on the presence of a variant in the mammal's polycystic kidney disease gene 1 (PKD1) are provided. In addition, methods and materials involved in treating mammals having cancer (e.g., breast cancer) by administering an inhibitor of ubiquitin specific peptidase 2 (USP2) polypeptide activity (e.g., NSC-632839, a 2-cyano-pyrimidine, or a 2-cyano-triazine) in combination with another chemotherapeutic agent such as a taxane therapy are provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in assessing chemotherapy responsiveness and treating cancer (e.g., breast cancer). For example, methods and materials for determining whether or not a cancer patient (e.g., a breast cancer patient) is likely to respond to chemotherapy (e.g., a taxane therapy) based at least in part on the presence of a variant in the mammal's polycystic kidney disease gene 1 (PKD1) are provided. In addition, methods and materials involved in treating mammals having cancer (e.g., breast cancer) by administering an inhibitor of ubiquitin specific peptidase 2 (USP2) polypeptide activity (e.g., NSC-632839, a 2-cyano-pyrimidine, or a 2-cyano-triazine) in combination with another chemotherapeutic agent such as a taxane therapy are provided.