Abstract: This invention relates to methods of preparing substrates that enhance the Raman signal of analytes in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The SERS-active substrate comprises an array of metal nanoparticles at least partially embedded in a template. The substrate's uniform and readily reproducible SERS-active properties with a wide range of analyte concentrations substantially enhance the power and utility of SERS. This invention also provides sensors, as well as Raman instruments, comprising the SERS-active substrates.

Abstract: An interferometer comprises a light source unit, a first splitter, a reference beam unit and a detection unit. The light source unit provides a laser beam. The first splitter receives the laser beam from the light source unit and splits the laser beam into a first beam and a second beam. The reference beam unit comprises a frequency shifter, a stopper and a spherical mirror. A center of the frequency shifter is located on a curvature center of the spherical mirror, the first beam traveling from the first splitter to the frequency shifter, the frequency shifter splitting the first beam into a diffraction beam and a zero-order beam, wherein the diffraction beam travels to the spherical mirror, reflected by the spherical mirror toward the frequency shifter, passing the frequency shifter to become a reference beam, and the zero-order beam is stopped by the stopper. The detection unit receives the reference beam from the reference beam unit.

Abstract: An interferometer comprises a light source unit, a first splitter, a reference beam unit and a detection unit. The light source unit provides a laser beam. The first splitter receives the laser beam from the light source unit and splits the laser beam into a first beam and a second beam. The reference beam unit comprises a frequency shifter, a stopper and a spherical mirror. A center of the frequency shifter is located on a curvature center of the spherical mirror, the first beam traveling from the first splitter to the frequency shifter, the frequency shifter splitting the first beam into a diffraction beam and a zero-order beam, wherein the diffraction beam travels to the spherical mirror, reflected by the spherical mirror toward the frequency shifter, passing the frequency shifter to become a reference beam, and the zero-order beam is stopped by the stopper. The detection unit receives the reference beam from the reference beam unit.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of preparing substrates that enhance the Raman signal of analytes in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The SERS-active substrate comprises an array of metal nanoparticles at least partially embedded in a template. The substrate's uniform and readily reproducible SERS-active properties with a wide range of analyte concentrations substantially enhance the power and utility of SERS. This invention also provides sensors, as well as Raman instruments, comprising the SERS-active substrates.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device. The device has an organic electroluminescent light recovery layer consisting of dielectric material and nanoscale metal particles or organic material and nanoscale metal particles. The membrane of the organic electroluminescent light recovery layer cross couples with surface plasmon resonance and recovers light trapped in the device, enhancing the light emission efficiency of the organic electroluminescent device.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device. The device has an organic electroluminescent light recovery layer consisting of dielectric material and nanoscale metal particles or organic material and nanoscale metal particles. The membrane of the organic electroluminescent light recovery layer cross couples with surface plasmon resonance and recovers light trapped in the device, enhancing the light emission efficiency of the organic electroluminescent device.