Abstract: An error detection and correction system extracts editing patterns and derives correction rules from them by observing differences between draft documents and corresponding edited documents, and/or by observing editing operations performed on the draft documents to produce the edited documents. The system develops classifiers that partition the space of all possible contexts into equivalence classes and assigns one or more correction rules to each such class). Once the system has been trained, it may be used to detect and (optionally) correct errors in new draft documents. When presented with a draft document, the system identifies first content (e.g., text) in the draft document and identifies a context of the first content. The system identifies a correction rule based on the first content and the first context. The system may use a classifier to identify the correction rule. The system applies the correction rule to the first content to produce second content.

Abstract: In a method and the corresponding apparatus for operating an internal combustion engine with a plurality of cylinders (Z1 to Z4) which are assigned in each case one injection valve (18) for metering in fuel, a control apparatus (25) is provided with in each case one output stage (25a) for actuating the injection valves (18) of the plurality of cylinders. Here, first of all work injection operations (P0 to P4) are determined for a cylinder (CYL_i) with the duration and positioning in relation to the crankshaft rotary angle. Following this, late injection operations (P5), which are required in certain operating modes, for the preceding cylinder (CYL_i?1) in the ignition sequence are arranged in a setpoint crankshaft angular range (SB) in such a way that no temporal overlaps occur between individual work and late injection operations.

Abstract: A system includes a document corpus containing structured documents, which contain both text and annotations of the text. The system also includes a search engine which is adapted to perform structured searches of the structured documents. As new types of annotations are added to the system, the search engine is updated automatically to become capable of performing structured searches for the new types of annotations. For example, if a new natural language processing (NLP) component, adapted to generate annotations of a new type, is added to the system, then the system automatically updates a query language to include a definition of the new type of annotation. The search engine may then immediately be capable of processing structured queries which refer to the new type of annotation.

Abstract: An error detection and correction system extracts editing patterns and derives correction rules from them by observing differences between draft documents and corresponding edited documents, and/or by observing editing operations performed on the draft documents to produce the edited documents. The system develops classifiers that partition the space of all possible contexts into equivalence classes and assigns one or more correction rules to each such class). Once the system has been trained, it may be used to detect and (optionally) correct errors in new draft documents. When presented with a draft document, the system identifies first content (e.g., text) in the draft document and identifies a context of the first content. The system identifies a correction rule based on the first content and the first context. The system may use a classifier to identify the correction rule. The system applies the correction rule to the first content to produce second content.

Abstract: A human editor uses a document editing system to edit a draft document. The editor's editing behavior is monitored and logged. Statistics are developed from the log to produce an assessment of the editor's productivity. This assessment, in combination with assessments of other editors, may be used to develop behavioral metrics which indicate correlations between editing behaviors and productivity. The behavioral metrics may be used to identify including the relative contribution to efficient editing of different editing behaviors. Such information about individual editing behaviors may be used to evaluate the productivity of individual editors based on their editing behaviors, to identify behaviors which individual editors could adopt to improve their productivities, and to identify changes to the editing system itself for improving editor productivity. An editor's editing behavior may be “played back” and observed by a human in an attempt to identify the causes of the editor's poor productivity.

Abstract: A method and a device correct a temperature-dependent length change of an actuator unit (3) disposed in a housing (2) of a fuel injector (1). A known method of maintaining an idle stroke (L) formed between the actuator unit (3) and a control valve of the fuel injector involves compensating for a temperature-dependent length change by measuring the capacity of the actuator unit (3) and thereby determining the temperature (Ta). However, in the process an additional test impulse is used to trigger the actuator unit (3). Therefore, it is proposed to forego the use of a test impulse and to measure the capacity (CA-PA) directly at an active trigger impulse. The method is much more precise and reliable since the current operating parameters, such as fuel pressure, fuel temperature and actuation energy, among others, are taken into account.

Abstract: In a method for determining a vibration-optimised adjustment of an injection device of an internal combustion engine, for each cycle of the internal combustion engine, a plurality of individual injections per cylinder is carried out by the injection device, each of which is defined by a relative injection moment and an individual injection quantity. A temporal course of a resulting pressure influenced by pressure waves is determined in a fuel guiding part, and the above-mentioned adjustment is determined by variation of the injection moment of at least one individual injection and/or the individual quantity, such that the adjustment is characterised by a temporal variation of the resulting pressure, which is reduced by an at least partially destructive interference between the cited pressure waves. A corresponding device can determine a vibration-optimised adjustment of an injection device, and an internal combustion engine may have such a device.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for facilitating the process of proofreading draft transcripts of spoken audio streams. In general, proofreading of a draft transcript is facilitated by playing back the corresponding spoken audio stream with an emphasis on those regions in the audio stream that are highly relevant or likely to have been transcribed incorrectly. Regions may be emphasized by, for example, playing them back more slowly than regions that are of low relevance and likely to have been transcribed correctly. Emphasizing those regions of the audio stream that are most important to transcribe correctly and those regions that are most likely to have been transcribed incorrectly increases the likelihood that the proofreader will accurately correct any errors in those regions, thereby improving the overall accuracy of the transcript.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for facilitating the process of proofreading draft transcripts of spoken audio streams. In general, proofreading of a draft transcript is facilitated by playing back the corresponding spoken audio stream with an emphasis on those regions in the audio stream that are highly relevant or likely to have been transcribed incorrectly. Regions may be emphasized by, for example, playing them back more slowly than regions that are of low relevance and likely to have been transcribed correctly. Emphasizing those regions of the audio stream that are most important to transcribe correctly and those regions that are most likely to have been transcribed incorrectly increases the likelihood that the proofreader will accurately correct any errors in those regions, thereby improving the overall accuracy of the transcript.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for automatically generating structured documents based on speech, including identification of relevant concepts and their interpretation. In one embodiment, a structured document generator uses an integrated process to generate a structured textual document (such as a structured textual medical report) based on a spoken audio stream. The spoken audio stream may be recognized using a language model which includes a plurality of sub-models arranged in a hierarchical structure. Each of the sub-models may correspond to a concept that is expected to appear in the spoken audio stream. Different portions of the spoken audio stream may be recognized using different sub-models. The resulting structured textual document may have a hierarchical structure that corresponds to the hierarchical structure of the language sub-models that were used to generate the structured textual document.

Abstract: In a method and a device for the calibration of internal combustion engines, in each fuel injector, at least one actuator element (1) may be activated by an electric signal interacts with at least one injection valve (3) having an injection rate for the supply of fuel to a combustion chamber (5) via injection holes, and in the case of a flow characteristic curve (12, 23, 35) of the fuel flowing through the injection holes deviating from a target characteristic curve (11, 22, 34) in a flow-time diagram, a signal characteristic curve (14a, 27, 42) of the electric signal applied to the actuator element (1) is altered in a voltage-time diagram relative to a target characteristic curve (13, 26, 41) by a controller.

Abstract: An error detection and correction system extracts editing patterns and derives correction rules from them by observing differences between draft documents and corresponding edited documents, and/or by observing editing operations performed on the draft documents to produce the edited documents. The system develops classifiers that partition the space of all possible contexts into equivalence classes and assigns one or more correction rules to each such class). Once the system has been trained, it may be used to detect and (optionally) correct errors in new draft documents. When presented with a draft document, the system identifies first content (e.g., text) in the draft document and identifies a context of the first content. The system identifies a correction rule based on the first content and the first context. The system may use a classifier to identify the correction rule. The system applies the correction rule to the first content to produce second content.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for automatically generating structured documents based on speech, including identification of relevant concepts and their interpretation. In one embodiment, a structured document generator uses an integrated process to generate a structured textual document (such as a structured textual medical report) based on a spoken audio stream. The spoken audio stream may be recognized using a language model which includes a plurality of sub-models arranged in a hierarchical structure. Each of the sub-models may correspond to a concept that is expected to appear in the spoken audio stream. Different portions of the spoken audio stream may be recognized using different sub-models. The resulting structured textual document may have a hierarchical structure that corresponds to the hierarchical structure of the language sub-models that were used to generate the structured textual document.

Abstract: An error detection and correction system extracts editing patterns and derives correction rules from them by observing differences between draft documents and corresponding edited documents, and/or by observing editing operations performed on the draft documents to produce the edited documents. The system develops classifiers that partition the space of all possible contexts into equivalence classes and assigns one or more correction rules to each such class). Once the system has been trained, it may be used to detect and (optionally) correct errors in new draft documents. When presented with a draft document, the system identifies first content (e.g., text) in the draft document and identifies a context of the first content. The system identifies a correction rule based on the first content and the first context. The system may use a classifier to identify the correction rule. The system applies the correction rule to the first content to produce second content.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for automatically generating structured documents based on speech, including identification of relevant concepts and their interpretation. In one embodiment, a structured document generator uses an integrated process to generate a structured textual document (such as a structured textual medical report) based on a spoken audio stream. The spoken audio stream may be recognized using a language model which includes a plurality of sub-models arranged in a hierarchical structure. Each of the sub-models may correspond to a concept that is expected to appear in the spoken audio stream. Different portions of the spoken audio stream may be recognized using different sub-models. The resulting structured textual document may have a hierarchical structure that corresponds to the hierarchical structure of the language sub-models that were used to generate the structured textual document.

Abstract: A human editor uses a document editing system to edit a draft document. The editor's editing behavior is monitored and logged. Statistics are developed from the log to produce an assessment of the editor's productivity. This assessment, in combination with assessments of other editors, may be used to develop behavioral metrics which indicate correlations between editing behaviors and productivity. The behavioral metrics may be used to identify including the relative contribution to efficient editing of different editing behaviors. Such information about individual editing behaviors may be used to evaluate the productivity of individual editors based on their editing behaviors, to identify behaviors which individual editors could adopt to improve their productivities, and to identify changes to the editing system itself for improving editor productivity. An editor's editing behavior may be “played back” and observed by a human in an attempt to identify the causes of the editor's poor productivity.

Abstract: An error detection and correction system extracts editing patterns and derives correction rules from them by observing differences between draft documents and corresponding edited documents, and/or by observing editing operations performed on the draft documents to produce the edited documents. The system develops classifiers that partition the space of all possible contexts into equivalence classes and assigns one or more correction rules to each such class). Once the system has been trained, it may be used to detect and (optionally) correct errors in new draft documents. When presented with a draft document, the system identifies first content (e.g., text) in the draft document and identifies a context of the first content. The system identifies a correction rule based on the first content and the first context. The system may use a classifier to identify the correction rule. The system applies the correction rule to the first content to produce second content.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for facilitating the process of proofreading draft transcripts of spoken audio streams. In general, proofreading of a draft transcript is facilitated by playing back the corresponding spoken audio stream with an emphasis on those regions in the audio stream that are highly relevant or likely to have been transcribed incorrectly. Regions may be emphasized by, for example, playing them back more slowly than regions that are of low relevance and likely to have been transcribed correctly. Emphasizing those regions of the audio stream that are most important to transcribe correctly and those regions that are most likely to have been transcribed incorrectly increases the likelihood that the proofreader will accurately correct any errors in those regions, thereby improving the overall accuracy of the transcript.

Abstract: A method for correcting the injection duration of injections is based on pressure fluctuations of preceding injections. The injection duration is determined on the basis of a mapping value and of a correction value. The mapping value is read out from a mapping according to the fuel pressure and according to the amount of fuel to be injected. The correction value is calculated according to the time interval between the subsequent injection and at least one latter injection. This enables a precise determination of the injection duration and thus a precise metering of the desired amount of fuel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for adapting an injection valve characteristic curve of a controlled fuel injection valve for an internal combustion engine, said curve reflecting the reference injection behaviour, to alterations in the actual injection behaviour caused by ageing. According to said method: during an operating mode of the internal combustion engine, which does not require an injection of fuel, the injection valve is intermittently controlled in accordance with a control period, said mode alternating with a period of no fuel injection, i.e. at least one working cycle with injection-valve control follows or precedes a working cycle without injection-valve control; at least one respective RPM value of the internal combustion engine is detected for the controlled working cycle and for at least one of the working cycles without control; a differential between the detected values is calculated and said differential is used to correct the characteristic curve.