Abstract: A system and a process enable a workplace (A.1, A.2) to be monitored remotely. A monitoring unit for the workplace includes a camera (2.1, 2.2, 2.3), a gas measuring device (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4) and a workplace computer (3.1, 3.2). A communication unit (10) communicates with a control center with a central output computer and an output unit. Signals from the camera and the gas measuring device are transmitted by cable or wirelessly to the workplace computer and from there further transmitted by cable or wirelessly to the communication unit. The signals are transmitted wirelessly from the communication unit to the central output computer. The central output computer causes the received signals to be output on the output unit in a form that can be perceived by a human. The data connection between the communication unit and the central output computer may be routed via a public mobile radio network.

Abstract: Method for integrated data handling for engineering and operation of a plant having a plurality of software applications with different functionalities, wherein the plurality of software applications are interconnected via a network, a common data model including data shared between at least two of the plurality of software applications is provided, the common data model is managed by a configuration data service, data specific to a single application is managed by an application specific configuration data service that is assigned to a number of applications such that flexible, consistent, performance-optimized and efficient management of the various heterogeneous systems in the plant is achieved.

Abstract: A method for controlling a grid of plants, wherein the method includes interconnecting distributed control systems via a network, providing a hierarchical tree structure having at least two levels (LN) for the network, assigning each distributed control system to a node of the tree structure, receiving a data request at a parent node control system, determining whether the data request is resolvable by the parent node control system, where a reply to the data request is sent if the data request can be resolved by the parent node, and where the data request is forwarded to at least one of the child nodes of the parent node if the data request is unresolvable by the parent node such that monitoring and controlling of the entire grid with respect to the inclusion of further units and the modification of already existing units is achieved in a flexible manner.

Abstract: Method for integrated data handling for engineering and operation of a plant having a plurality of software applications with different functionalities, wherein the plurality of software applications are interconnected via a network, a common data model including data shared between at least two of the plurality of software applications is provided, the common data model is managed by a configuration data service, data specific to a single application is managed by an application specific configuration data service that is assigned to a number of applications such that flexible, consistent, performance-optimized and efficient management of the various heterogeneous systems in the plant is achieved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a target for coating a substrate with an alloy by means of cathode sputtering, said alloy having at least one first material and one second material as alloy components. The surface of the target has at least one first section made of the first material and one second section made of the second material. The two sections adjoin each other and form a common boundary line. The invention further relates to a device and a method for coating a substrate with an alloy by means of cathode sputtering using the target according to the invention.

Abstract: An electrically driven axle of a two-track vehicle is provided having drive shafts which are assigned to the wheels and an axle carrier with a plurality of wheel-guiding steering arms which are attached thereto. At least one electric motor is attached to the axle carrier, and furthermore a housing containing elements for making available electrical energy for the electric motor is attached to the axle carrier or forms a component of the axle carrier in the form of a base body. At least one of the wheel-guiding steering arms is connected to the base body or housing, and arms extend from the base body of the axle carrier, on the end regions of which arms the vehicle body is supported via rubber bearings. The underfloor of the base body or housing facing the roadway is preferably essentially planar.

Abstract: An electrically driven axle of a two-track vehicle is provided having drive shafts which are assigned to the wheels and an axle carrier with a plurality of wheel-guiding steering arms which are attached thereto. At least one electric motor is attached to the axle carrier, and furthermore a housing containing elements for making available electrical energy for the electric motor is attached to the axle carrier or forms a component of the axle carrier in the form of a base body. At least one of the wheel-guiding steering arms is connected to the base body or housing, and arms extend from the base body of the axle carrier, on the end regions of which arms the vehicle body is supported via rubber bearings. The underfloor of the base body or housing facing the roadway is preferably essentially planar.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for heating/cooling and coating a substrate in a vacuum chamber, comprising the following steps: (1) arranging the lower face of the substrate on a substrate holder, (2) lifting the substrate by a predefined distance relative to the substrate holder, and (3) heating the lifted substrate via its upper face by means of a heating device such as a radiant heating device, (4) coating the hot substrate, for example by moving it in or through a coating zone, (5) cooling the substrate by lowering it onto the chuck and (6) optionally further coating the cold substrate. The method according to the invention further enables process sequences to be executed, wherein various defined temperatures can be set on the substrate during each step, and optionally one or more coating processes can be executed immediately subsequently at said substrate temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus for coating a substrate has a vacuum chamber designed to receive the substrate and at least one sputtering target to be ablated during operation of the apparatus by particle bombardment. At least one window is arranged in the wall of the vacuum chamber. A device for determining the wear of the sputtering target, by optically measuring the distance between at least one predefinable point outside the vacuum chamber and at least one predefinable point on the surface of the sputtering target, and including an evaluation device correcting for any parallax offset and/or a geometric distortion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sputtering cathode (1) for coating a substrate (6), which comprises a device (5) for generating an external magnetic field with substantially parallel magnetic field lines (8) substantially in the plane of the substrate. The invention further relates to a device and a method for coating a substrate with several layers, whereby several sputtering cathodes are disposed in a circle with their target effective areas pointing radially outward.