Abstract: A first-transceiver for communicating with a second-transceiver is disclosed. The first and second-transceivers are vehicle-access-system transceivers. The transceivers include a cipher-module configured to generate a cipher-code using a cipher key and an input value, an encryption-module configured to generate encrypted-payload-data from payload-data using the cipher-code, a hashing-module configured to hash the payload-data to generate hashed-payload-data using the cipher-code, and a transmitter configured to transmit the encrypted-payload-data and the hashed-payload-data to the second-transceiver. A vehicle including the first-transceiver is also disclosed. Access to one or more systems of the vehicle are controlled in accordance with a validation state.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of wireless communication between a vehicle base station and a transponder, the method comprising: i) driving first and second antennae on the vehicle by the vehicle base station using first driving currents, the first antenna being separated from the transponder by a portion of a vehicle in which the vehicle base station resides; ii) detecting three separate mutually orthogonal vector components of the respective fields emitted by the first and second antennae and received at the transponder; iii) calculating superposition factors for the first and second antennae based upon the separate vector components; iv) concurrently driving the first and second antennae using the same phase, respectively using the first driving currents multiplied by the calculated superposition factors; v) detecting three mutually orthogonal vector components of a superposed signal including signals from both antennae received at the transponder; vi) determining whether two of the three detected vector component

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of wireless communication between a vehicle base station and a transponder, the method comprising: i) driving first and second antennae on the vehicle by the vehicle base station using first driving currents, the first antenna being separated from the transponder by a portion of a vehicle in which the vehicle base station resides; ii) detecting three separate mutually orthogonal vector components of the respective fields emitted by the first and second antennae and received at the transponder; iii) calculating superposition factors for the first and second antennae based upon the separate vector components; iv) concurrently driving the first and second antennae using the same phase, respectively using the first driving currents multiplied by the calculated superposition factors; v) detecting three mutually orthogonal vector components of a superposed signal including signals from both antennae received at the transponder; vi) determining whether two of the three detected vector component

Abstract: Embodiments of an authentication system and a method for authentication using ciphers are described. In the system and method, cryptographic calculations of an encryption algorithm are executed at a base station, in a determined secure environment, to produce a pre-calculated cipher for a subsequent authentication process. The pre-calculated cipher is then used to transmit an authentication request message from the base station and validation of an authentication response message for the subsequent authentication.

Abstract: In accordance with a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method for configuring a transponder is conceived, comprising: deriving a signature from a physical unclonable function; verifying said signature; initiating a key training sequence between a base station and the transponder in dependence on a result of verifying the signature. In accordance with other aspects of the present disclosure, a corresponding computer program, transponder and base station are provided.

Abstract: In accordance with a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method for configuring a transponder is conceived, comprising: deriving a signature from a physical unclonable function; verifying said signature; initiating a key training sequence between a base station and the transponder in dependence on a result of verifying the signature. In accordance with other aspects of the present disclosure, a corresponding computer program, transponder and base station are provided.

Abstract: Embodiments of an authentication system and a method for authentication using ciphers are described. In the system and method, cryptographic calculations of an encryption algorithm are executed at a base station, in a determined secure environment, to produce a pre-calculated cipher for a subsequent authentication process. The pre-calculated cipher is then used to transmit an authentication request message from the base station and validation of an authentication response message for the subsequent authentication.

Abstract: A first-transceiver for communicating with a second-transceiver is disclosed. The first and second-transceivers are vehicle-access-system transceivers. The transceivers include a cipher-module configured to generate a cipher-code using a cipher key and an input value, an encryption-module configured to generate encrypted-payload-data from payload-data using the cipher-code, a hashing-module configured to hash the payload-data to generate hashed-payload-data using the cipher-code, and a transmitter configured to transmit the encrypted-payload-data and the hashed-payload-data to the second-transceiver. A vehicle including the first-transceiver is also disclosed. Access to one or more systems of the vehicle are controlled in accordance with a validation state.

Abstract: A security-apparatus, comprising: a security-location-terminal, configured to receive security-location-information representative of a location of a key-module; and a lock-location-terminal, configured to receive lock-location-information representative of a location of a lock-module, a processor, configured to compare the security-location-information with the lock-location-information, and determine a security-condition-signal based on whether the location of the key-module is inside or outside of a predetermined-proximity of the location of the lock-module; and an output-terminal, configured to provide the security-condition-signal. The security-apparatus is configured to receive at least one of the security-location-information and the lock-location-information via a mobile telecommunications network.

Abstract: A system and method of locating a key are disclosed. The key is configured to communicate with a base station through a plurality of antennas that are coupled to the base station. The method includes turning off each of the plurality of antennas, turning on one of the plurality of antennas, measuring a first received signal strength, turning off the one of the plurality of antennas and measuring a second received signal strength. The key is determined to be located within a predefined area if the difference between the first received signal strength and the second received signal strength is above a preset threshold.

Abstract: A system and method of locating a key are disclosed. The key is configured to communicate with a base station through a plurality of antennas that are coupled to the base station. The method includes turning off each of the plurality of antennas, turning on one of the plurality of antennas, measuring a first received signal strength, turning off the one of the plurality of antennas and measuring a second received signal strength. The key is determined to be located within a predefined area if the difference between the first received signal strength and the second received signal strength is above a preset threshold.

Abstract: Wireless data communication is implemented using respective carrier frequencies. As may be implemented in accordance with one or more embodiments and apparatuses herein, wireless communications are effected using a resonant circuit having a resonant frequency susceptible to detuning. Radio frequency power is transmitted to a remote transponder circuit, and wireless communications are effected with the remote transponder circuit via at least one of first and second different carrier frequencies, using the resonant circuit and the radio frequency power. The first and second carrier frequencies are respectively sufficiently proximate to the resonant frequency, such that signals communicated based on the resonant frequency can be acquired by demodulating based on the resonant frequency. One of the first and second carrier frequencies is selected based upon a signal sent from the transponder circuit.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment, a device provides cryptographic processing functions using secret data. The device can include protection from differential power analysis (DPA). The encryption processing circuit and its memory can be decoupled from external power source(s) during encryption-related computations. A local power storage element, such as a capacitive element, can provide power while the encryption processing circuit is decoupled from the external power source(s). The local power storage element can then be reconnected and charged once the encryption-related computations are completed or paused.

Abstract: A method for handling collision in an identification system where the identification system includes a reader, a first transponder and a second transponder. The method involves the reader transmitting an initialization command to the first transponder and to the second transponder; upon receiving the initialization command, the first transponder and the second transponder enter into a muted state where the first transponder and the second transponder do not respond to commands from the reader; in a randomly determined first start time slot the first transponder enters into an un-muted state and the first transponder remains in the un-muted state until the reader sends a mute command to the first transponder; in a randomly determined second start time slot the second transponder enters into an un-muted state and the second transponder remains in the un-muted state until the reader sends a mute command to the second transponder.

Abstract: Wireless charging and data communication are effected. In accordance with various example embodiments, a transceiver-type circuit wirelessly charges portable devices, such as hand-held telephones via wireless signals, and also wirelessly communicates data with remote transponders. The data communication is carried out to facilitate authentication of the remote transponders and may, for example, be limited relative to a power-carrying capability of the transponders. Such aspects may be implemented, for example, in a transceiver for both transponder-based operation and (high-power) wireless charging applications in vehicle-based circuits.

Abstract: A device (101) for data-reception using amplitude modulation, comprises a coil (121) having a coil terminal (123) and being adapted to receive an amplitude modulated electromagnetic wave (116), whereupon an amplitude modulated signal (Vb) is induced in the coil (121) and provided at the coil terminal (123), the amplitude modulated signal (Vb) comprising a positive voltage portion (325, 427) and a negative voltage portion (324,428); and an adjustment circuit (125, 300,400) connected via an input terminal (129, 302,403) to the coil terminal (123), wherein the adjustment circuit is adapted: to adjust the amplitude modulated signal such as to reduce the positive voltage portion (325,427) by a constant amount (?) and to provide the adjusted amplitude modulated signal (129, 323,425) at an output terminal (131,317,427) of the adjustment circuit (125, 300,400).

Abstract: Wireless data communication is implemented using respective carrier frequencies. As may be implemented in accordance with one or more embodiments and apparatuses herein, wireless communications are effected using a resonant circuit having a resonant frequency susceptible to detuning. Radio frequency power is transmitted to a remote transponder circuit, and wireless communications are effected with the remote transponder circuit via at least one of first and second different carrier frequencies, using the resonant circuit and the radio frequency power. The first and second carrier frequencies are respectively sufficiently proximate to the resonant frequency, such that signals communicated based on the resonant frequency can be acquired by demodulating based on the resonant frequency. One of the first and second carrier frequencies is selected based upon a signal sent from the transponder circuit.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure are directed toward a system in which a three-dimensional low-frequency (3D-LF) antenna and a high frequency (HF) antenna are used. The 3D-LF antenna includes three coils each oriented relative to X, Y and Z axes that define a Cartesian coordinate system for a three-dimensional space. The HF antenna is oriented along one of the axes of the LF coils and in the same antenna package as the 3D-LF antenna. The 3D-LF antenna is configured to be used in connection with an LF signal of between 3 kHz and 300 kHz. The HF antenna is configured to be used in connection with an HF signal between 3 MHz and 30 MHz.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment, a device provides cryptographic processing functions using secret data. The device can include protection from differential power analysis (DPA). The encryption processing circuit and its memory can be decoupled from external power source(s) during encryption-related computations. A local power storage element, such as a capacitive element, can provide power while the encryption processing circuit is decoupled from the external power source(s). The local power storage element can then be reconnected and charged once the encryption-related computations are completed or paused.

Abstract: Wireless communications between a vehicle base station and a transponder are authenticated. Interior and exterior antennas are respectively driven using first driving currents, the interior antenna being separated from the transponder by a portion of a vehicle in which the vehicle base station resides. Separate vector components of the respective fields emitted by the interior and exterior antennas are received and detected at the transponder. Superposition factors are calculated for the interior and exterior antennas based upon the separate vector components. Each of the interior and exterior antennas is concurrently driven using the same phase, respectively using the driving currents multiplied by the superposition factors. Superposed vector components are detected for a superposed signal including signals from both antennas received at the transponder.