Abstract: A method of detecting two-dimensional codes using a plurality of light and dark data bits arranged two-dimensionally. The method includes detecting the code as a gray scale value image, splitting the detected gray scale value image into image areas corresponding to the individual data bits, determining a binarizing threshold representing a specific gray scale value for the image areas, carrying out a respective binarizing of the gray scale value of the individual image areas by means of a binarizing threshold to produce a bit sequence which represents the data bits and consists of the values 0 and 1, supplying the bit sequence to an error correction algorithm to recognize and/or correct bit errors within the bit sequence, identifying uncertain image areas whose gray scale values each lie close to the binarizing threshold, and taking the uncertain image areas into special account in the error correction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of recognizing a code which is encoded inside an image data set which contains a piece of respective information on a gray scale value for each of a plurality of picture elements. At least one dilation operation and/or erosion operation is carried out on the image data set.

Abstract: A method for optically recognizing alphanumeric characters which involves storing polygonal outer contours and inner contours of reference characters and their relative geometrical positions as normalized reference curves transformed into a tangent space. Outer and inner contours of a character to be recognized are optically scanned and the scanned data is converted into binary data. The outer and inner contours of the character to be recognized are approximated as a polygon, and straight line segments of the polygon are normalized and transformed into a tangent space to generate character curves. The character to be recognized is compared to the reference characters in a rotation-invariant manner by shifting at least its character curve for the outer curve and the reference curves of the outer contours relative to each other in the tangent space until a surface area enclosed by the character curve and a given reference curve is at a minimum.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of reading a machine-readable barcode including a pre-determined number of code elements, in particular bars and spaces, with a respective picture being taken by means of optical imaging of at least two adjacent and/or mutually overlapping part sections of the bar code, with the individual part sections each including a code element and the part sections including in sum all the code elements of the barcode, with the pictures being stored in a data store, and with the stored pictures or parts thereof being put together for the reconstruction of the information encoded by the barcode. The invention further relates to a corresponding apparatus.

Abstract: A method for operating an optical sensor which has a light receptor that receives line-by-line reflected or returned light for a complete picture. At least some of the received pictures are compressed with a picture compression algorithm. To process the picture and more quickly store it in a memory-saving manner, the optoelectronic sensors compress the picture simultaneously with its receipt by the receptor. Optoelectronic sensors for use in this manner can be a code laser or a laser scanner for determining distance or generating separation pictures.

Abstract: A device for optical scanning of markings, such as barcodes, has at least two transmitters (10, 20) that send light beams (12, 22) at different angles toward a rotating polygonal mirror (30), which deflects the light beams onto the markings being scanned. The light reflected by the markings is deflected by the polygonal mirrors (30) to separate receiver systems, so that the device has and simultaneously uses at least two separate transmitter/receiver channels.

Abstract: A method is described of detecting two-dimensional codes, in particular matrix codes, which include a plurality light and dark data bits arranged two dimensionally, in particular in matrix form. In the method, the code is detected as a gray scale value image; the detected gray scale value image is split into image areas corresponding to the individual data bits and a binarizing threshold representing a specific gray scale value is determined for the image areas. A respective binarizing of the gray scale value of the individual image areas is carried out by means of the binarizing threshold to produce a bit sequence which represents the data bits and consists of the values 0 and 1. The bit sequence is subsequently supplied to an error correction algorithm to recognize and/or correct bit errors within the bit sequence. In accordance with the invention, those so-called uncertain image areas are determined whose gray scale values each lie close to the binarizing threshold.

Abstract: A method is described of detecting two-dimensional codes, in particular matrix codes, which include a plurality of light and dark data bits arranged two-dimensionally, in particular in matrix form. In the method, the code is detected as a gray scale value image; the detected gray scale value image is split into image areas corresponding to the individual data bits and a binarizing threshold representing a specific gray scale value is determined for the image areas. A respective binarizing of the gray scale value of the individual image areas is carried out by means of the binarizing threshold to produce a bit sequence which represents the data bits and consists of the values 0 and 1. The bit sequence is subsequently supplied to an error correction algorithm to recognize and/or correct bit errors within the bit sequence. In accordance with the invention, those so-called uncertain image areas are determined whose gray scale values each lie close to the binarizing threshold.

Abstract: A method for operating optical sensors, particularly code readers, which have a light receptor that receives light reflected and/or returned from an object. A picture is generated from the received light and the content of the picture, such as a code, is read. At least some pictures are compressed with a picture compression algorithm of the sensor. To improve the operation of such optical sensors, especially code readers, and to improve the analysis of error detection from knowing the causes for errors, only pictures which have error information are compressed and stored. The code reader is constructed to perform these functions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of reading a machine-readable barcode including a pre-determined number of code elements, in particular bars and spaces, with a respective picture being taken by means of optical imaging of at least two adjacent and/or mutually overlapping part sections of the bar code, with the individual part sections each including a code element and the part sections including in sum all the code elements of the barcode, with the pictures being stored in a data store, and with the stored pictures or parts thereof being put together for the reconstruction of the information encoded by the barcode. The invention further relates to a corresponding apparatus.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the optically scanning of objects, especially markings, use at least two emitters (10; 20) arranged so that light beams (12; 22) emitted by them sample or scan the object at different angles. The at least two emitters (10, 20) are arranged so that the emitted light beams (12, 24) strike reflecting surfaces (32) of a polygonal mirror (30) at different angles to a plane (36) that is perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the polygonal mirror, and which direct the beams onto the object being scanned so that the beams strike the object at different angles. The polygonal mirror (30) directs the beams reflected by the object onto an associated, separate receiver system to form at least two separate emitter/receiver channels.

Abstract: A method for optically recognizing alphanumeric characters which involves storing polygonal outer contours and inner contours of reference characters and their relative geometrical positions as normalized reference curves transformed into a tangent space. Outer and inner contours of a character to be recognized are optically scanned and the scanned data is converted into binary data. The outer and inner contours of the character to be recognized are approximated as a polygon, and straight line segments of the polygon are normalized and transformed into a tangent space to generate character curves. The character to be recognized is compared to the reference characters in a rotation-invariant manner by shifting at least its character curve for the outer curve and the reference curves of the outer contours relative to each other in the tangent space until a surface area enclosed by the character curve and a given reference curve is at a minimum.

Abstract: The invention relates to a detection system and a detection method for the detection and tracking of optical codes on objects which are transported along a monitored zone, comprising a plurality of optoelectronic sensors to read the codes and to generate corresponding reading data and comprising at least two data buses, each having its own associated bus control unit, wherein each of the plurality of sensors is connected both to the one and to the other of the two data buses and wherein the one of the two data buses with the associated bus control unit, on the one hand, and the other data bus with the associated bus control unit, on the other hand, are divided into a primary branch and a secondary branch which is subordinate to the primary branch.

Abstract: A device for optical scanning of markings, such as barcodes, has at least two transmitters (10, 20) that send light beams (12, 22) at different angles toward a rotating polygonal mirror (30), which deflects the light beams onto the markings being scanned. The light reflected by the markings is deflected by the polygonal mirrors (30) to separate receiver systems, so that the device has and simultaneously uses at least two separate transmitter/receiver channels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a detection system and a detection method for the detection and tracking of optical codes on objects which are transported along a monitored zone, comprising a plurality of optoelectronic sensors to read the codes and to generate corresponding reading data and comprising at least two data buses, each having its own associated bus control unit, wherein each of the plurality of sensors is connected both to the one and to the other of the two data buses and wherein the one of the two data buses with the associated bus control unit, on the one hand, and the other data bus with the associated bus control unit, on the other hand, are divided into a primary branch and a secondary branch which is subordinate to the primary branch.

Abstract: A method for operating optical sensors, particularly code readers, which have a light receptor that receives light reflected and/or returned from an object. A picture is generated from the received light and the content of the picture, such as a code, is read. At least some pictures are compressed with a picture compression algorithm of the sensor. To improve the operation of such optical sensors, especially code readers, and to improve the analysis of error detection from knowing the causes for errors, only pictures which have error information are compressed and stored. The code reader is constructed to perform these functions.

Abstract: A method for operating an optical sensor which has a light receptor that receives line-by-line reflected or returned light for a complete picture. At least some of the received pictures are compressed with a picture compression algorithm. To process the picture and more quickly store it in a memory-saving manner, the optoelectronic sensors compress the picture simultaneously with its receipt by the receptor. Optoelectronic sensors for use in this manner can be a code laser or a laser scanner for determining distance or generating separation pictures.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of recognizing a code which is encoded inside an image data set which contains a piece of respective information on a gray scale value for each of a plurality of picture elements. At least one dilation operation and/or erosion operation is carried out on the image data set.

Abstract: A method is described of detecting two-dimensional codes, in particular matrix codes, which include a plurality light and dark data bits arranged two dimensionally, in particular in matrix form. In the method, the code is detected as a gray scale value image; the detected gray scale value image is split into image areas corresponding to the individual data bits and a binarizing threshold representing a specific gray scale value is determined for the image areas. A respective binarizing of the gray scale value of the individual image areas is carried out by means of the binarizing threshold to produce a bit sequence which represents the data bits and consists of the values 0 and 1. The bit sequence is subsequently supplied to an error correction algorithm to recognize and/or correct bit errors within the bit sequence. In accordance with the invention, those so-called uncertain image areas are determined whose gray scale values each lie close to the binarizing threshold.

Abstract: The echo time in an MR pulse sequence is optimized in accordance with the application desired. Advantageously, the echo time is selected to cause a partial volume signal cancellation from veins as compared with background tissue, and the MR pulse sequence is of a velocity-compensated type. MR data are acquired from gradient echoes. Multiple echoes may be used to extract information (such as volume content and susceptibility) about the material under investigation.