Abstract: In order to measure the current in a shunt, the voltage drop in the resistor of said shunt is evaluated as a measurement of the current. Normally, galvanic separation of the measuring device is required for high-potential shunts. A digital measuring signal provides the clock pulse for modulation of the supply current for the measuring device after an A/D conversion. The modulated supply current is also used as a carrier for the measuring information. In the associated evaluation device, an A/D converter and a modulation unit are arranged downstream from an amplifier for voltage signal which is picked off from the shunt. The modulated measuring signal is transmitted to an evaluation device.

Abstract: The hydrophilicity of porous separation membranes is maintained by bonding the membranes to thermoplastic fiber substrates at least on their peripheries before the membrane peripheries are sealed in a thermoplastic resin. The membranes are capable of being integrity tested.

Abstract: From two path- or angle-dependent signals (A, B) of identical amplitude and period generated by an incremental generator (GS) which signals have a phase shift of 90.about. el. to each other a sequence signal .vertline.A.vertline./(.vertline.A.vertline.+.vertline.B.vertline.) dependent linearly on the path or angle is formed in that the generator signals (A, B) are rectified and a signal is formed in a converter (U1 ) corresponding to the quotient of the magnitude (.vertline.A.vertline.) of one of the two generator signals (A) to the sum of the magnitudes (.vertline.A.vertline.+.vertline.B.vertline.) of both generator signals (A, B). From the sequence signal the position within a particular quarter period is determined. Which quarter period this is in each instance is determined by an investigation of the position of the generator signals (A, B) with respect to each other.