Abstract: In a Laval nozzle (10) having a flow channel (12), which has a flow cross-section (14) extending in a convergent-divergent manner, according to the invention the flow channel (12) comprises mutually opposing first flow channel walls (16, 16?), which are formed by two nozzle bodies (18, 18?) spaced a fixed distance apart from one another. Two mutually opposite second flow channel walls (20, 20?), which can be moved relative toward one another or away from one another for adjusting the flow cross-section (14) of the flow channel (12), are disposed between the nozzle bodies (18, 18?).

Abstract: A vehicle operable with human muscle power and/or motor power, e.g., an electric bicycle, includes: a crank drive through which a rider torque generated by a rider is introduced; an electrical drive system that can additionally apply a driving torque; and a control unit configured to shut off the electrical drive system when the rider torque is not present. The control unit encompasses a monitoring device which ensures that when the rider torque falls below a predetermined value, the electrical drive system continues to be operated for a specified time span, the duration of the time span being variable as a function of a pedaling frequency.

Abstract: A device for utilizing waste heat of an internal combustion engine. A heat exchanger of a circuit of a working medium is provided in its exhaust system. A pump is connected upstream from the heat exchanger, the circuit containing an expansion machine. A coupling heat exchanger is located in the circuit of the working medium, the working medium of the circuit and the cooling medium of the internal combustion engine flowing through the coupling heat exchanger.

Abstract: A device for utilizing the waste heat of an internal combustion includes a single-stage or multi-stage supercharging device, which is designed as an exhaust-gas turbocharger in particular. The single-stage or multi-stage supercharging device is assigned an additional supercharging device including an expansion machine acted upon by an auxiliary circuit, in particular a steam circuit.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas recirculation device for recirculating exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine to a fresh-air side of the internal combustion engine. For this purpose, it is provided that the exhaust gas recirculation device has at least one compressor for compressing the exhaust gas supplied to the fresh-air side of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steam turbine (10), in particular for using the waste heat of an internal combustion engine (2), comprising at least one rotor (26) and at least one stator (20), said stator (20) comprising at least two nozzles (22) which are arranged in parallel in relation to each other. The nozzles (22) are designed for different load points of the rotor (26) and can be switched on and off independently from each other.

Abstract: In a Laval nozzle (10) having a flow channel (12), which has a flow cross-section (14) extending in a convergent-divergent manner, according to the invention the flow channel (12) comprises mutually opposing first flow channel walls (16, 16?), which are formed by two nozzle bodies (18, 18?) spaced a fixed distance apart from one another. Two mutually opposite second flow channel walls (20, 20?), which can be moved relative toward one another or away from one another for adjusting the flow cross-section (14) of the flow channel (12), are disposed between the nozzle bodies (18, 18?).

Abstract: For operating an internal combustion engine having a throttle situated in an exhaust line or exhaust return line, in which a heat engine is driven by a quantity of heat produced by the internal combustion engine, in a first non-heating operating mode of the internal combustion engine, a first setpoint value is preset, a first operating parameter that characterizes a temperature of the internal combustion engine is detected, a first triggering value is determined for the triggering of the at least one throttle as a function of the first setpoint value and the first operating parameter, the at least one throttle is triggered in accordance with the first triggering value, and the at least one heat engine is driven by the resulting quantity of heat.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas recirculation device for recirculating exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine to a fresh-air side of the internal combustion engine. For this purpose, it is provided that the exhaust gas recirculation device has at least one compressor for compressing the exhaust gas supplied to the fresh-air side of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A device for utilizing waste heat of an internal combustion engine. A heat exchanger of a circuit of a working medium is provided in its exhaust system. A pump is connected upstream from the heat exchanger, the circuit containing an expansion machine. A coupling heat exchanger is located in the circuit of the working medium, the working medium of the circuit and the cooling medium of the internal combustion engine flowing through the coupling heat exchanger.

Abstract: A device for utilizing the waste heat of an internal combustion includes a single-stage or multi-stage supercharging device, which is designed as an exhaust-gas turbocharger in particular. The single-stage or multi-stage supercharging device is assigned an additional supercharging device including an expansion machine acted upon by an auxiliary circuit, in particular a steam circuit.

Abstract: In an electric circuit whose behavior is changed corresponding to a peripheral environment, an abnormality detection device can surely detect abnormality in the electric circuit even in a state where a value of the peripheral environment cannot be specified. An abnormality detection device according to the present invention detects abnormality in a detection circuit (112) which detects a specific kind of physical quantity. The abnormality detection device includes an abnormality detection part (220a) which changes magnitude of a power source voltage (Vcc?) which is supplied to the detection circuit (112), and detects abnormality in the detection circuit based on an output signal (Vo2) from the detection circuit at a power source voltage (Vc2) after the change.

Abstract: An electrical contact device comprising a first contact assemblage having multiple contact pads disposed in a row which are allocated to different connection types, and having a second contact assemblage having multiple contact pads disposed in a row in accordance with a predetermined sequence, which are allocated to different connection types and having bonding wire connections that electrically connect at least some of the contact pads of the first contact assemblage to contact pads of the second contact assemblage.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine (10) having a steam power plant (12), in which the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine (10) at least indirectly heats the steam and this steam drives a turbine (26), the steam power plant (12) being sometimes, in particular at the beginning of operation, initially operated in a protection operating mode, in which the protection of the turbine (26) from damage by water droplets has priority.

Abstract: For operating an internal combustion engine having a throttle situated in an exhaust line or exhaust return line, in which a heat engine is driven by a quantity of heat produced by the internal combustion engine, in a first non-heating operating mode of the internal combustion engine, a first setpoint value is preset, a first operating parameter that characterizes a temperature of the internal combustion engine is detected, a first triggering value is determined for the triggering of the at least one throttle as a function of the first setpoint value and the first operating parameter, the at least one throttle is triggered in accordance with the first triggering value, and the at least one heat engine is driven by the resulting quantity of heat.

Abstract: An electrical contact device comprising a first contact assemblage having multiple contact pads disposed in a row which are allocated to different connection types, and having a second contact assemblage having multiple contact pads disposed in a row in accordance with a predetermined sequence, which are allocated to different connection types and having bonding wire connections that electrically connect at least some of the contact pads of the first contact assemblage to contact pads of the second contact assemblage.

Abstract: The invention concerns an oil separator (2) for crankcase gases of an internal combustion engine, comprising a preliminary separator (28), a cyclone separator (30), a fine separator (32) and, if necessary, a valve device (36) that are provided in a cascade arrangement on a cylinder-head cover (4) of the internal combustion engine; in order to create an oil separator for use in various engines having different quantities of crankcase gas, said oil separator is designed so that, as an option, helixes (48) having different radial depths of the flow path can be inserted in a housing section for the cyclone separator (30).

Abstract: The invention concerns an oil separator (2) for crankcase gases of an internal combustion engine, comprising a preliminary separator (28), a cyclone separator (30), a fine separator (32) and, if necessary, a valve device (36) that are provided in a cascade arrangement on a cylinder-head cover (4) of the internal combustion engine; in order to reduce the mutual interference of flowing crankcase gas and separated fluid, an oil drain opening (44) is provided upstream from the cyclone separator (30) in the flow or cascade direction, through which oil separated in the preliminary separator can be returned.

Abstract: The invention concerns an oil separator (2) for crankcase gases of an internal combustion engine, comprising a preliminary separator (28), a cyclone separator (30), a fine separator (32) and, if necessary, a valve device (36) that are provided in a cascade arrangement on a cylinder-head cover (4) of the internal combustion engine; in order to simplify the design of the oil separator and obtain easier installability, it is provided that the preliminary separator (28), the cyclone separator (30), the fine separator (32) and the valve device (36) provided, if necessary, are located on the outside (20) of the cylinder-head hood (4) and are covered by a housing half-shell (6) which, together with the outside (20) of the cylinder-head hood (4), forms a housing for the oil separator (2).

Abstract: The invention concerns an oil separator (2) for crankcase gases of an internal combustion engine, comprising a preliminary separator (28), a cyclone separator (30), a fine separator (32) and, if necessary, a valve device (36) that are provided in a cascade arrangement on a cylinder-head cover (4) of the internal combustion engine; in order to create an oil separator for use in various engines having different quantities of crankcase gas, said oil separator is designed so that, as an option, helixes (48) having different radial depths of the flow path can be inserted in a housing section for the cyclone separator (30).