Abstract: An apparatus configured to operate under cognitive radio principles. The apparatus includes a processor configured to perform spectrum sensing in the apparatus to produce spectrum sensing data; and first circuitry configured to share the spectrum sensing data with other apparata.

Abstract: An apparatus configured to operate under cognitive radio principles. The apparatus includes a processor configured to perform spectrum sensing in the apparatus to produce spectrum sensing data; and first circuitry configured to share the spectrum sensing data with other apparata.

Abstract: A method is provided for transmitting a message comprising one or more preambles and a message body from a user equipment device to a network entity. The method includes determining whether it is allowed to transmit a first preamble of the message to the network entity in an immediately available time slot of a random access channel, transmitting the first preamble if it is allowed, and transmitting the message body if a positive acknowledgement to the preamble is received from the network entity on another channel. The user equipment device may determine transmitting the preamble invariably, based on a persistence value or an indication received from the network entity, based on whether the device has not transmitted on the random access channel for longer than a predetermined, or based on whether the device has not transmitted on the random access channel for longer than a random time period.

Abstract: The invention is related to coding and decoding data, more particularly in microwave radio link systems. According to the invention, the sequence of data to be encoded at a transmitting end is split into at least two blocks, if the sequence is longer than a first predetermined length M. The splitting is performed so that the length first block is equal to the first predetermined length M. If the remaining sequence is shorter than a second predetermined length N, the second block comprises all of the remaining sequence. If the remaining sequence is longer than the second predetermined length N, the length of the second block is found by subtracting from the length of the remaining sequence the highest integer multiple of the second predetermined length, and the rest of the sequence is split into blocks of length N. If the sequence is shorter than the first predetermined length M, only one block is produced, and the sequence is padded with dummy values to form a sequence of length M.

Abstract: A method for allocating control time slots to terminals in a multipoint system based on time-division data transmission. Specific grant numbers are allocated to the terminals in downstream time slots. One grant number is associated with a grant to send information, such as one ATM cell, in corresponding upstream time slots. The terminal may be forbidden by means of a grant number to send in a certain time slot, or the time slot may be called a slotted Aloha time slot or a measurement time slot used for timing advance adjustment. The network terminal sends grant numbers at a predetermined rate to each terminal or sends grant numbers on the basis of how much information the terminals report needs to be sent. ATM channels are accessed rapidly and allocated efficiently, and a short access delay for a speech channel is achieved.

Abstract: In a digital cable television system or a Hybrid-Fiber-Cable (HFC) system at least two control channels (104) of the out-of-band type are arranged to control the same upstream data transmission channel (107), whereby their capacity can be combined in order realize downstream data transmission in parallel with downstream high capacity data transmission. Applied in the DAVIC system the overhead bits (110a, 110b) of the SL-ESF frames (108a, 108b) of the co-ordinated control channels, and the R-bytes (R1a to R8c) of the SL-ESF payload indicating to which channel the control is directed, are made identical.

Abstract: A method of manipulating the header field in an ATM cell. In accordance with the method, the ATM cell is transferred via an interface where each byte of the cell appears in a parallel form on a plurality of parallel data conductors and where information on the start of cell (SOC) is also available. In order to be able to carry out header bit manipulation in a simple manner at such an interface, data conductors corresponding to the bits to be manipulated are led to a circuit carrying out the manipulation, and the other data conductors are led past the circuit. The bit to be manipulated is searched for by counting from start of cell up to the byte containing the bit to be manipulated, after which the bit is manipulated. An output conductor corresponding to the manipulated bit is led from the manipulation circuit to its own position among the data conductors that bypassed the circuit.