Abstract: A magnetic actuator includes a first element and a second element movable with respect to the first element in a movement direction. The first element includes teeth successively in the movement direction, two coils in slots defined by the teeth, and a permanent magnet. The second element includes teeth successively in the movement direction. The teeth of the first and second elements and the permanent magnet are arranged so that the second element is held by magnetic forces in each of three positions also when there are no currents in the coils. The second element can be moved between the three positions by supplying electric currents to the coils. Thus, the second element is held in any of the three positions also when current supply to the magnetic actuator is unintentionally lost.

Abstract: A variable reluctance position sensor includes a first element having magnetic sensor sections having excitation coils, first detection coils, and second detection coils, and a second element moveable with respect to the first element. An airgap surface of the second element is periodically meandering. When an alternating signal is supplied to the excitation coils, envelopes of alternating signals induced in the first and second detection coils are dependent on a position of the second element so that the envelopes have a phase shift with respect to each other. The number of the magnetic sensor sections is 1+nP2/P1, where P1 is a spatial shift between successive magnetic sensor sections, P2 is a spatial meandering period of the airgap surface, and n is an integer. The magnetic sensor section in addition to the nP2/P1 magnetic sensor sections is suitable for compensating for unwanted effects caused by ends of the first element.

Abstract: A linear electric machine includes a mover and a stator. The mover includes permanent magnets, and the stator includes a ferromagnetic core-structure and windings for conducting electric currents. The linear electric machine includes support structures on both sides of the ferromagnetic core-structure and supporting the mover to be linearly movable with respect to the stator in the longitudinal direction of the linear electric machine. At least one of the support structures includes a support element arranged to keep the mover a distance away from solid metal constituting a frame-portion of the support structure. The support element includes material whose electrical conductivity is less than that of the solid metal. As the mover is kept the distance away from the solid metal, eddy currents induced by the moving permanent magnets to the solid metal are reduced.

Abstract: A magnetic actuator includes a first element and a second element movable with respect to the first element in a movement direction. The first element includes teeth successively in the movement direction, two coils in slots defined by the teeth, and a permanent magnet. The second element includes teeth successively in the movement direction. The teeth of the first and second elements and the permanent magnet are arranged so that the second element is held by magnetic forces in each of three positions also when there are no currents in the coils. The second element can be moved between the three positions by supplying electric currents to the coils. Thus, the second element is held in any of the three positions also when current supply to the magnetic actuator is unintentionally lost.

Abstract: A rotor for a synchronous reluctance machine includes a first layered structure having ferromagnetic sheets stacked in a direction of a quadrature axis of the rotor and being separated from each other by layers of non-ferromagnetic material, a second layered structure similar to the first layered structure, and a ferromagnetic center part between the first and second layered structures in the direction of the quadrature axis and attached to the first and second layered structures. The ferromagnetic center part is a single piece of ferromagnetic material that is wider in a direction of the direct axis of the rotor than in the direction of the quadrature axis. The width of the ferromagnetic center part in the direction of the quadrature axis is greater than a thickness of each ferromagnetic sheet in order to improve the mechanical strength of the rotor.

Abstract: A linear flux switching permanent magnet (FSPM) motor includes a longitudinal linear stator with stator teeth facing an air gap and a mover including at least one armature with armature teeth, whereby at least some of said, preferably all of said armature teeth embed at least one permanent magnet, respectively, which armature teeth are spaced apart by slots for receiving an armature winding. The permanent magnets embedded in the corresponding armature teeth protrude by an overhang over the back of the armature in a direction facing away from the air gap.

Abstract: A rotor of an induction machine includes a ferromagnetic core structure and a cage winding. The cage winding includes rotor bars and end-rings. The rotor bars are located in slots of the ferromagnetic core structure. The end-rings connect the ends of the rotor bars to each other at the ends of the ferromagnetic core structure. The radial height of the slots of the ferromagnetic core structure is greater than the radial height of the rotor bars so that the bottom portions of the slots are free from the rotor bars. Therefore, the bottom portions of the slots constitute cooling ducts for conducting cooling fluid through the rotor. As the rotor bars constitute one wall of each cooling duct, the cooling fluid has a direct contact with the rotor bars.

Abstract: A stator of an electric machine comprises a stator core structure (101) and a stator winding comprising a plurality of stator coils (102a-102f) mechanically supported by the stator core structure. Each stator coil comprises electrical conductors and a cooling tube (103) for conducting cooling fluid in the longitudinal direction of the electrical conductors. The stator comprises cooling elements (104a-104c) having heat-conductive mechanical contacts with the stator core structure. The cooling elements comprise channels for conducting the cooling fluid, and the cooling tubes of the stator coils are connected to each other via the cooling elements. The cooling elements transfer heat caused by iron losses from the stator core structure to the cooling fluid. Furthermore, the cooling elements act as manifolds for conducting the cooling fluid between the cooling tubes of the stator coils.

Abstract: A linear flux switching permanent magnet (FSPM) motor includes a longitudinal, linear stator with stator teeth facing an air gap and a mover including at least one armature including armature teeth embedding at least one permanent magnet, which armature teeth are spaced apart by slots for receiving an armature winding, and which armature teeth have an extended width portion towards the air gap. The extended width portion of the armature teeth begins in the longitudinal direction of the armature teeth already at the level of the armature windings.

Abstract: A linear flux switching permanent magnet (FSPM) motor includes a longitudinal linear stator with stator teeth facing an air gap and a mover including at least one armature including armature teeth, which are spaced apart by slots for receiving an armature winding. At least some, preferably all of the armature teeth embed at least two permanent magnets, respectively, which are positioned successively in longitudinal direction of the tooth, whereby the two permanent magnets have different magnetic properties.

Abstract: A segment for supporting electromagnetic coupling elements of a stator or rotor of an electrical machine comprises a plurality of elongate laminations which are stacked in a first direction to form a lamination stack with elongate edges of the laminations defining opposite first and second major faces of the lamination stack. The segment comprises a plurality of elongate compression devices passing internally through the lamination stack in the first direction and arranged to compress together the laminations in the lamination stack.

Abstract: A rotor of an induction machine includes a ferromagnetic core structure and a cage winding. The cage winding includes rotor bars and end-rings. The rotor bars are located in slots of the ferromagnetic core structure. The end-rings connect the ends of the rotor bars to each other at the ends of the ferromagnetic core structure. The radial height of the slots of the ferromagnetic core structure is greater than the radial height of the rotor bars so that the bottom portions of the slots are free from the rotor bars. Therefore, the bottom portions of the slots constitute cooling ducts for conducting cooling fluid through the rotor. As the rotor bars constitute one wall of each cooling duct, the cooling fluid has a direct contact with the rotor bars.

Abstract: An electronic device includes at least one electronic component, a gradient heat-flux sensor GHFS based on thermoelectric anisotropy and conducting heat generated by the electronic component, and a controller adapted to manage electrical current of the electronic component at least partly on the basis of an electrical control signal generated by the gradient heat-flux sensor and proportional to a heat-flux through the gradient heat-flux sensor. Therefore, the electrical current and thereby also the heat generation of the electronic component are managed directly on the basis of the heat-flux generated by the electronic component. Thus, the electrical current can be managed without a need for voltage and current measurements which may be challenging to be carried out with a sufficient bandwidth especially when the switching frequency of the electronic component is on a range from hundreds of kHz to few MHz.

Abstract: An electrical turbo-machine includes a stator (101), a rotor (102), and a turbine section (110) driven with a working flow containing vaporizable material, for example water, in vaporized form. The rotor includes cooling channels (106-109) for conducting, through the rotor, a cooling flow containing the vaporizable material in liquid form. The rotor is arranged to conduct the cooling flow through an area where an impeller or impellers (111-114) of the turbine section are directly connected to the rotor and conduct the cooling flow to a same room to which the working flow comes out from the turbine section. The above-presented cooling system facilitates constructing the electrical turbo-machine as a hermetic structure in a power plant where bearings of the electrical turbo-machine are lubricated by the vaporizable material, a supply pump is directly connected to the rotor, and the vaporizable material in gaseous form fills the gas spaces of the stator.

Abstract: An electric motor construction is provided with a planetary gear system, including an annular thin-rimmed stator (1) as well as a torque takeoff shaft (2) concentric relative thereto. The construction includes inside the stator (1) an annular thin-rimmed rotor (3); a sun gear (4) fixedly coupled to the rotor and concentric with the takeoff shaft (2); an intra-rotor immovably coupled ring gear (5) with a toothed inner surface; planet gears (6) meshing with the ring gear and the sun gear; a planet carrier (7) that the planet gears are supported on; as well as a coupling arrangement (8) for transmitting torque of the rotor optionally directly or by way of the planet carrier to the torque takeoff shaft.

Abstract: A magnetic actuator includes a collar element (101) and a toroidal coil (103) surrounding the collar element. The collar element is coupled in a torque transferring way to a shaft (108) surrounded by the collar element. The collar element is capable of sliding in the axial direction with respect to the shaft. The collar element includes indentations (102) for locking in a torque transferring way to a counter-part when the collar element is in a first axial position. The collar element includes permanent magnet material (104) for generating an axial force for moving the collar element to the first axial position when the toroidal coil carries electric current flowing in a first direction and to a second axial position when the toroidal coil carries electric current flowing in an opposite direction. Thus, no mechanical elements are needed for moving the collar element in the axial direction.

Abstract: A linear flux switching permanent magnet (FSPM) motor includes a longitudinal linear stator with stator teeth facing an air gap and a mover including at least one armature including armature teeth, which are spaced apart by slots for receiving an armature winding. At least some, preferably all of the armature teeth embed at least two permanent magnets, respectively, which are positioned successively in longitudinal direction of the tooth, whereby the two permanent magnets have different magnetic properties.

Abstract: A linear flux switching permanent magnet (FSPM) motor includes a longitudinal linear stator with stator teeth facing an air gap and a mover including at least one armature with armature teeth, whereby at least some of said, preferably all of said armature teeth embed at least one permanent magnet, respectively, which armature teeth are spaced apart by slots for receiving an armature winding. The permanent magnets embedded in the corresponding armature teeth protrude by an overhang over the back of the armature in a direction facing away from the air gap.

Abstract: A linear flux switching permanent magnet (FSPM) motor includes a longitudinal, linear stator with stator teeth facing an air gap and a mover including at least one armature including armature teeth embedding at least one permanent magnet, which armature teeth are spaced apart by slots for receiving an armature winding, and which armature teeth have an extended width portion towards the air gap. The extended width portion of the armature teeth begins in the longitudinal direction of the armature teeth already at the level of the armature windings.

Abstract: A segment for supporting electromagnetic coupling elements of a stator or rotor of an electrical machine comprises a plurality of elongate laminations which are stacked in a first direction to form a lamination stack with elongate edges of the laminations defining opposite first and second major faces of the lamination stack. The segment comprises a plurality of elongate compression devices passing internally through the lamination stack in the first direction and arranged to compress together the laminations in the lamination stack.