Abstract: A light-emitting layer of an apparatus includes an addressable array of light-emitting elements including a first light-emitting element and a periodic optical layer overlaying the light-emitting layer. The periodic optical layer includes at least a first periodic optical feature having a first optical power and a second periodic optical feature having a different optical power. A first controllable light-steering layer is disposed between the light-emitting layer and the periodic optical layer. The first controllable light-steering layer is switchable between directing light from the first light-emitting element through the first periodic optical feature and directing light from the first light-emitting element through the second periodic optical feature.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for providing a 3D display, such as a light-field display. In some embodiments, a display device includes a light-emitting layer that includes a plurality of separately-controllable pixels. A lens structure overlays the light-emitting layer. The lens structure includes an array of collimating optical elements. A phase-modifying layer is positioned between the light emitting layer and the lens structure. The pixels of the light emitting layer are used in generating spatial emission patterns that work in unison with the phase-modifying layer in order to generate beams of light through the collimating optical elements with extended focus depths. Multiple beams are used to generate voxels at various distances from the display surface with the correct eye convergence for the viewer. Beams with extended focus depths may be used to generate the correct eye retinal focus cues.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for displaying a light field using a display device in which a plurality of internal light paths contribute to each respective output beam and in which each light path traverses at least one controllable-transparency pixel of the display. In example methods, a target light field is partitioned into a plurality of light field partitions that sum to the target light field. Each light field partition is associated with a subset of the internal light paths. Pixel values of the display device are selected to minimize a total error in each path's contribution to its corresponding light field partition. Methods described herein may be used to select pixel values in display devices that include a diffractive element, such as a diffraction grating.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for providing a 3D display, such as a light-field display. In some embodiments, a display device includes a light-emitting layer that includes a plurality of separately-controllable pixels. An optical layer overlays the light-emitting layer. The optical layer includes a plurality of mosaic cells arranged in a two-dimensional array (e.g., a tessellation). Each mosaic cell includes a plurality of optical tiles. Different tiles may differ from one another in optical power, tilt direction, translucency, or other optical property. A spatial light modulator provides control over which optical tiles transmit light from the light-emitting layer outside the display device. The light-emitting layer and the spatial light modulator are controlled in a synchronized manner to display a desired pattern of light.

Abstract: Some embodiments of an apparatus may include: a plurality of light sources, wherein each of the plurality of light sources is configured to emit a respective light beam; one or more diffractive layers; and an optical mask configured to be synchronized to an illumination of the respective light beams. Some embodiments of a method may include: emitting a light beam from each of a plurality of light emitting sources to generate a plurality of light beams; diffracting each of the plurality of light beams to generate a plurality of diffracted light beams; and synchronizing an optical mask to the plurality of diffracted light beams.

Abstract: Display methods and apparatus are described. In some embodiments, to generate an image, light is selectively emitted from one or more light-emitting elements (such as a ?LEDs) in a light-emitting layer. The emitted light from each element is collimated using, for example, an array of microlenses having small apertures. Each beam of collimated light is split by a first diffractive grating into a first generation of child beams, and the first generation of child beams is split by a second diffractive grating into a second generation of child beams. Beams in the second generation of child beams that are not parallel to the original beam of collimated light may be blocked by a spatial light modulator (e.g. an LCD panel). The un-blocked beams operate in some respects as if they had been generated using optics with an aperture larger than the apertures of the microlenses.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for providing a three-dimensional display. In an example, a display device includes a light engine, a spatial light modulator, one or more directable minors, and a projection lens. Light from the light engine is modulated by the spatial light modulator, reflected by the directable mirror(s) toward the projection lens, and projected by the projection lens (e.g. onto a screen). The directable mirror(s) may include a rotatable mirror or a digital micromirror device. The spatial light modulator may be a digital micromirror device. The spatial light modulator and the directable mirror(s) are synchronized so as to generate different modulated light patterns for different positions of the directable mirror(s). The projection of different modulated light patterns in different directions may generate different views that are visible from different user perspectives.

Abstract: The invention concerns a lateral flow device, system, kit and method for analyzing a fluid sample. The device comprises a support structure, a flow channel formed in the support structure, and an injection zone in fluidic connection with the flow channel for introducing the fluid sample into the flow channel. According to the invention the flow channel comprises at least two indicator zones at least one of which is capable of producing an optically detectable response signal when interacting with the fluid sample, and the indicator zones are arranged at least partly adjacent to each other on different sections of the flow channel. The invention allows for low-cost imaging devices, such as cameras of mobile phones to be used for making challenging lateral flow diagnostics on a variety of fields of technology.

Abstract: A method includes: obtaining, by an apparatus, instantaneous images from an optical heart activity sensor, wherein the instantaneous images characterize a heart activity data of a user; obtaining information about spatial shifts of a measuring area of the optical heart activity sensor in relation to a body tissue of the user; determining effect of the spatial shifts in the instantaneous images based on the information about the spatial shifts; enhancing the instantaneous images by decreasing the effect of the spatial shifts in the instantaneous images; and processing the enhanced instantaneous images into the heart activity data of the user.

Abstract: The invention concerns a lateral flow device, system, kit and method for analyzing a fluid sample. The device comprises a support structure, a flow channel formed in the support structure, and an injection zone in fluidic connection with the flow channel for introducing the fluid sample into the flow channel. According to the invention the flow channel comprises at least two indicator zones at least one of which is capable of producing an optically detectable response signal when interacting with the fluid sample, and the indicator zones are arranged at least partly adjacent to each other on different sections of the flow channel. The invention allows for low-cost imaging devices, such as cameras of mobile phones to be used for making challenging lateral flow diagnostics on a variety of fields of technology.

Abstract: A method includes: obtaining, by an apparatus, instantaneous images from an optical heart activity sensor, wherein the instantaneous images characterize a heart activity data of a user; obtaining information about spatial shifts of a measuring area of the optical heart activity sensor in relation to a body tissue of the user; determining effect of the spatial shifts in the instantaneous images based on the information about the spatial shifts; enhancing the instantaneous images by decreasing the effect of the spatial shifts in the instantaneous images; and processing the enhanced instantaneous images into the heart activity data of the user.

Abstract: A panoramic camera includes an input element, an aperture stop, and a focusing unit, where the input element and the focusing unit are arranged to form an annular optical image on an image plane, and the aperture stop defines an entrance pupil of the imaging device such that the effective F-number of the imaging device is in the range of 1.0 to 5.6.

Abstract: An optical user interface for controlling a portable electric device, such as a portable phone is provided. The user interface comprises a stripe-like optical contact surface, on which the finger of the user of the electric device is placed. A series of images of the fingerprint is taken and processed such that a motion vector or an image of the fingerprint is obtained. The invention provides a small-sized and economical user interface in terms of battery consumption and manufacturing costs.

Abstract: An optical user interface for controlling a portable electric device, such as a portable phone is provided. The user interface comprises a stripe-like optical contact surface, on which the finger of the user of the electric device is placed. A series of images of the fingerprint is taken and processed such that a motion vector or an image of the fingerprint is obtained. The invention provides a small-sized and economical user interface in terms of battery consumption and manufacturing costs.