Abstract: Provided herein are antimicrobial biosensors for skin for treating Staphylococcus aureus Type I, Type II, Type III, and/or Type IV infection. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial biosensors are expressed in Staphylococcus epidermidis cells.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an admixture of Staphylococcus (S.) epidermidis cells selected from S. epidermidis Type I cells, S. epidermidis Type II cells, S. epidermidis Type III cells, S. epidermidis Type Mvb cells, and S. epidermidis Type IV cells capable of modified expression of virulence factor genes and other genes that contribute to virulence, such as nitrogen respiration genes, ureases activity genes, carbohydrate metabolism genes, iron uptake genes, sulfur metabolism genes. The present disclosure also provides methods of treating or preventing skin disease and reducing the risk of recurrent skin disease in a subject by administering the admixtures of S. epidermidis cell types.