Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for purifying a pyrolysis oil comprising providing a stream S0 comprising a pyrolysis oil, the pyrolysis oil comprising one or more halogenated organic compounds and one or more organic compounds comprising conjugated double bonds; subjecting the stream S0 to hydrogenation in at least one reaction zone Z1 containing a heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst, obtaining a stream S1 being depleted, compared to S0, in the one or more organic compounds comprising conjugated double bonds; subjecting the stream S1 to dehalogenation in at least one dehalogenation zone Z2 down-stream of Z1, obtaining a stream S2 being depleted, compared to S1, in the one or more halogenated organic compounds.

Abstract: A process for purifying a pyrolysis oil originating from pyrolysis of plastic waste is provided, wherein the process comprises a dehalogenation of the pyrolysis oil, wherein the dehalogenation comprises contacting the pyrolysis oil with one or more adsorption materials and/or subjecting the pyrolysis oil to a temperature of about 280° C. or more, wherein a halogen content of a resulting purified pyrolysis oil is about 55% or more lower compared to the halogen content of the untreated pyrolysis oil.

Abstract: A process for purifying a pyrolysis product. for example a pyrolysis oil and/or a pyrolysis gas. originating from pyrolysis of plastic waste is provided. wherein the process comprises contacting a vaporized pyrolysis oil with one or more adsorption materials and condensing the vaporized pyrolysis oil after it has been contacted with the one or more adsorption materials.

Abstract: A process for improving the quality of a crude pyrolysis oil originating from a pyrolysis of plastic waste is provided, the process comprising providing a crude pyrolysis oil originating from the pyrolysis of plastic waste, adjusting the pH value of the crude pyrolysis oil, resulting in a pretreated crude pyrolysis oil, performing a solid-liquid-separation of solid components and liquid components of the pretreated crude pyrolysis oil and/or subjecting the pretreated crude pyrolysis oil to a liquid-liquid-separation.

Abstract: An apparatus for disintegration (or mixing) of a solid in a receptacle containing liquid, has a control unit and an ultrasound transducer generating ultrasonic energy under control of the control unit. An annular coupling element in communication with the ultrasound transducer is adapted to receive the receptacle. Ultrasonic energy is transferred to the receptacle contents through the annular coupling element. In use, the ultrasonic energy transferred to the receptacle contents causes disintegration of the solid into the liquid. A method for disintegration of a solid in a receptacle is also described.

Abstract: An apparatus for disintegration (or mixing) of a solid in a vessel containing liquid, has a control unit and an ultrasound transducer for generating ultrasonic energy under control of the control unit. A coupling medium in communication with the ultrasound transducer is adapted to receive the vessel. Ultrasonic energy is transferred to the contents of the vessel such that in use the ultrasonic energy causes disintegration of the solid into the liquid contained in the vessel. An agitating mechanism is adapted to agitate the disintegrated solid in the liquid contained in the vessel. The agitating mechanism may include a paddle having a coating of flavouring material. A method for disintegration of a solid in a vessel is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for disintegration (or mixing) of a solid in a receptacle containing liquid, has a control unit and an ultrasound transducer generating ultrasonic energy under control of the control unit. An annular coupling element in communication with the ultrasound transducer is adapted to receive the receptacle. Ultrasonic energy is transferred to the receptacle contents through the annular coupling element. In use, the ultrasonic energy transferred to the receptacle contents causes disintegration of the solid into the liquid. A method for disintegration of a solid in a receptacle is also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for removing phosphorus from phosphorus containing waste. In one embodiment, the method is preferably carried out by contacting the phosphorus containing waste with a non-cellular membrane and precipitating phosphorus from the waste as struvite. Another aspect of the invention includes a method of removing phosphorus from phosphorus containing sewage comprising filtrates and biosolids. The removal of phosphorus as struvite occurs in two stages as primary and secondary removal. In the primary removal process, the sewage from a dewatering unit is contacted with a first polymeric membrane reactor and the phosphorus is removed as primary struvite. Subsequently Mg is added so as promote struvite formation and the secondary removal process of struvite. In the secondary removal process, the sewage from GBT Filtrate well or Centrifuge Liquor well is contacted with a second monomolecular membrane and the phosphorus is removed as secondary struvite.