Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for obtaining an empirical model of a planetary atmosphere as a function of the independent variables in a parametric formulation. Embodiments of the present disclosure can represent the temperature and individual species densities of the planetary atmosphere in the formulation, can robustly and efficiently carry out the computations needed to evaluate this formulation and to estimate the formulation's parameters, and can thereby obtain the empirical model of the planetary atmosphere.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for obtaining an empirical model of a planetary atmosphere as a function of the independent variables in a parametric formulation. Embodiments of the present disclosure can represent the temperature and individual species densities of the planetary atmosphere in the formulation, can robustly and efficiently carry out the computations needed to evaluate this formulation and to estimate the formulation's parameters, and can thereby obtain the empirical model of the planetary atmosphere.

Abstract: A method and system of globally monitoring space weather conditions, use an imager, including one or more telescopic instruments and one or more processors, containing computer program code. The imager is configured on a platform; and positioned in the near Earth space environment, where, based on the executed computer program code, the imager compiles information about space weather conditions, by directly detecting electron emissions on a global basis. Network interfaces coupled with the imager provide, over a communications network, a plurality of communications and information, about space weather conditions, between the imager and a plurality of operational space assets and operational Earth assets. The plurality of communications and information about space weather conditions includes signals and information which automatically alert the plurality of operational space assets and operational Earth assets of effects of a solar wind.