Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytic process for upgrading a renewable crude oil produced from biomass and/or waste comprising providing a renewable crude oil and pressurizing it to a pressure in the range in the range 60 to 150 bar, contacting the pressurized renewable crude oil with hydrogen and at least one heterogeneous catalyst contained in a first reaction zone at a weight based hourly space velocity (WHSV) in the range 0.1 to 2.0 h?1 and at a temperature in the range of 150° C. to 360° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to producing upgraded renewable oil. Renewable crude oil is provided whose oxygen content, water content, and total acid number are within predetermined ranges. Respective fractions of the oil have boiling points below 350° C. and above 450° C. After the oil is pressurized, and hydrogen is added, the mixture is heated and contacted with a heterogeneous catalyst in a first reaction zone with weight based hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 0.1 to 1 h-1. The resultant partially hydrogenated and deoxygenated oil is further heated and contacted with a heterogeneous catalyst in a second reaction zone at WHSV of 0.1 to 1.5 h-1. Low and high boiling point liquid hydrocarbon fractions of the product of the second reaction zone are sent to third and fourth reaction zones, respectively, to be contacted with hydrogen and a heterogeneous catalyst under respective heating conditions and WHSV of 0.1 to 1 h-1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing an upgraded renewable oil from renewable carbonaceous material(-s) comprising providing a low sulphur oxygen containing renewable crude oil having a sulphur content of less than 0.5 wt % and an oxygen content from about 2.0 wt to about 20 wt %, pressurising the low sulphur oxygen containing renewable crude oil to an operational pressure in the range 20 to 200 bar, adding and mixing hydrogen to the pressurized low sulphur oxygen containing crude oil, heating the oil to an operational temperature in the range 180-410° C. in one or more steps, contacting said oil with at least one heterogeneous catalyst contained in a first reaction zone, contacting the effluent from said first reaction zone with at least one heterogeneous catalyst contained in a second reaction zone, where in at least one of the heterogeneous catalysts in the first reaction zone and/or the second reaction zone is on a non-sulphided form.

Abstract: The invention relates to a low sulphur fuel blend of a first fuel blend component containing renewable hydrocarbon component(-s) and a second fuel blend component containing hydrocarbon to form at least part of a final low sulphur fuel blend having a sulphur content of less than 0.5 wt. %, where the first fuel blend component is characterised by having the characteristics (?d1, ?p1, ?h1)=(17-20, 6-10, 6-10); where the first fuel blend component comprises a fuel substance comprising 70% by weight of compounds having a boiling point above 220° C. and is further characterized by having the characteristics (?d, ?p, ?h)=(17-20, 6-15,6-12) and a linker substance comprising one or more sulphur containing solvents characterised by having the characteristics (?d3, ?p3, ?h3)=(17-20, 3-6, 4-6); where the fuel substance is present in the first fuel blend component in a relative amount of 90-99.5 wt. %, and the linker substance is present in the first fuel blend component in a relative amount of 0.5 to 10 wt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrocarbon blend for input to a refinery and comprising a first blend component containing a renewable hydrocarbon component and a second blend component containing petroleum derived hydrocarbon to form at least part of a final hydrocarbon blend for processing in a refinery where the first blend component is characterized by comprising a hydrocarbon substance with at least 70% by weight having a boiling point above 220° C. and by having the characteristics (?d1, ??1, ?h1)=(17-20, 6-12, 6-12) and; where the second blend component is characterised by having the characteristics (?{acute over (?)}2, ??2, ?h2)=(17-20, 3-5, 4-7), where the first blend component is present in the final hydrocarbon blend in a relative amount of up to 80 wt %.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytic process for upgrading a renewable crude oil produced from biomass and/or waste comprising providing a renewable crude oil and pressurizing it to a pressure in the range in the range 60 to 150 bar, contacting the pressurized renewable crude oil with hydrogen and at least one heterogeneous catalyst contained in a first reaction zone at a weight based hourly space velocity (WHSV) in the range 0.1 to 2.0 h?1 and at a temperature in the range of 150° C. to 360° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing an upgraded renewable oil from renewable carbonaceous material(-s) comprising providing a low sulphur oxygen containing renewable crude oil having a sulphur content of less than 0.5 wt % and an oxygen content from about 2.0 wt to about 20 wt %, pressurising the low sulphur oxygen containing renewable crude oil to an operational pressure in the range 20 to 200 bar, adding and mixing hydrogen to the pressurized low sulphur oxygen containing crude oil, heating the oil to an operational temperature in the range 180-410° C. in one or more steps, contacting said oil with at least one heterogeneous catalyst contained in a first reaction zone, contacting the effluent from said first reaction zone with at least one heterogeneous catalyst contained in a second reaction zone, where in at least one of the heterogeneous catalaysts in the first reaction zone and/or the second reaction zone is on a non-suplhided form.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of separating and purifying products from a high pressure processing system adapted for processing a feed stream comprising carbonaceous material at a pressure of at least 150 bar and a temperature of at least 300° C., where the converted feed stream (product mixture) is cooled to a temperature in the range 50 to 250° C., and depressurized to a pressure in the range 1 to 150 bar, the method comprising separating the depressurized product mixture in gas phase, an oil phase (liquid hydrocarbon), and a water phase comprising water soluble organics, dissolved salts and optionally suspended particles in a first phase separator and purifying the oil phase from the first phase separator by mixing it with one or more washing agents, at least one of which comprises water, and separating the oil phase from the one or more washing agents in a further separation step.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing an upgraded renewable oil from renewable carbonaceous material(-s) comprising providing an oxygen containing renewable crude oil having an oxygen content in the range of 3.0 to 20% by weight, a water content of less than 1.5 wt. %, a total acid number in the range from 5 to 80 mg KOH/g, a fraction of the oil having a boiling point below than 350° C. of less than 70% by weight, and a residue fraction having a boiling point of more than 450° C. of at least 10%by weight, pressurising the oxygen containing renewable crude oil to an operational pressure in the range 60 to 200 bar; adding and mixing hydrogen to the pressurized oxygen containing renewable crude oil, contacting the pressurized mixture with at least one heterogeneous catalyst contained in a first reaction zone at a temperature of 260 to 350° C. having a weight based hourly space velocity (WHSV) in the range 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of separating and purifying products from a high pressure processing system adapted for processing a feed stream comprising carbonaceous material at a pressure of at least 150 bar and a temperature of at least 300° C., where the converted feed stream (product mixture) is cooled to a temperature in the range 50 to 250° C., and depressurized to a pressure in the range 1 to 150 bar, the method comprising separating the depressurized product mixture in gas phase, an oil phase (liquid hydrocarbon), and a water phase comprising water soluble organics, dissolved salts and optionally suspended particles in a first phase separator and purifying the oil phase from the first phase separator by mixing it with one or more washing agents, at least one of which comprises water, and separating the oil phase from the one or more washing agents in a further separation step.

Abstract: Products from a high pressure processing system are separated and purified. The processing system is adapted for pressurizing and heating a feed mixture comprising carbonaceous material(-s) in the presence of homogeneous catalysts and liquid organic compounds to produce a converted feed mixture. The converted feed mixture is cooled and depressurized, and then separated into: a gas phase, an oil phase, and a water phase comprising liquid organic compounds and dissolved homogeneous catalysts comprising potassium and/or sodium. The liquid organic compounds and dissolved homogenous catalysts are at least partly recovered from said water phase, thereby producing a first water phase stream enriched in liquid organic compounds and homogeneous catalysts and a second water phase stream depleted in liquid organic compounds and homogeneous catalysts. The first water phase is at least partly recycled to the feed mixture, with a bleed stream being withdrawn therefrom prior to recycling.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of separating and purifying products from a high pressure processing system adapted for processing a feed mixture comprising carbonaceous material(-s) at a pressure of from about 150 bar to about 400 bar and a temperature from about 300° C. to about 430° C. in the presence of homogeneous catalysts in the form of potassium and/or sodium in a concentration of at least 0.5% by weight and liquid organic compounds in a concentration from about 5% to about 40% by weight in a predefined time thereby producing a converted feed mixture, wherein the converted feed mixture is cooled to a temperature in the range 50 to 250° C.