Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the temperature control of an electrochemical system comprising a stack of electrochemical cells and interconnection plates interposed between the electrochemical cells, means for supplying gas to the electrochemical cells and means for collecting gases produced by the electrochemical cells, and means for electrically connecting the system to the outside, wherein the electrochemical device also comprises heating means integrated into the stack, said heating means comprising at least a first and a second heating element, the first heating element being disposed in a first location in the stack and the second heating element being arranged in a second location in the stack, said method comprising steps of: applying a first control command to the first heating element and a second control command to the second heating element, said control commands being configured such that a thermal gradient in the stack in the direction of the stack is maintained substantially at a defined value.

Abstract: A heat exchanger can be integrated into an interconnector that can be used in both a SOFC fuel cell and an EHT electrolyser, which allows a heat-transfer fluid different from that in the reactive and drainage gas circuits to be circulated from the inlet of the reactor, thereby allowing the best possible management of the exothermic operating modes of the SOFC cell and the exothermic or endothermic operating modes of the EHT electrolyser and the SOFC cell, especially in the absence of current for the latter.

Abstract: A heat exchanger can be integrated into an interconnector that can be used in both a SOFC fuel cell and an EHT electrolyser, which allows a heat-transfer fluid different from that in the reactive and drainage gas circuits to be circulated from the inlet of the reactor, thereby allowing the best possible management of the exothermic operating modes of the SOFC cell and the exothermic or endothermic operating modes of the EHT electrolyser and the SOFC cell, especially in the absence of current for the latter.

Abstract: A partly oxidized substrate is disclosed. According to one aspect, the substrate is formed by subjecting a substrate made of a porous metal or metal alloy including particles of at least one metal or metal alloy bound by sintering. The substrate includes a first main surface and a second main surface. The porosity of the substrate gradually changes from the first main surface to the second main surface. The substrate is partially oxidized by an oxidizing gas such as oxygen and/or air. A method for preparing the substrate and high temperature electrolyzer (THE) cell including the substrate are also disclosed.

Abstract: It relates to a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with internal reforming of hydrocarbons, in which said cell is a metal-supported cell comprising a porous metallic support comprising pores having walls, said porous support comprising a first main surface and a second main surface, an anode adjacent to said second main surface, an electrolyte adjacent to said anode, and a cathode adjacent to said electrolyte, a catalyst for reforming at least one hydrocarbon being deposited on the walls of the pores of the porous metallic support, and the amount and concentration of catalyst in the porous metallic support decreasing in a direction from the first main surface in the same direction as a flow direction of a hydrocarbon feed stream, along said first main surface on the outside of the cell.

Abstract: A partly oxidized substrate, obtained by subjecting a substrate made of a porous metal or metal alloy comprising particles of at least one metal or metal alloy bound by sintering, said substrate comprising a first main surface and a second main surface, and said substrate having a porosity gradient from the first main surface to as far as the second main surface; to partial oxidation by an oxidizing gas such as oxygen and/or air. Method for preparing said substrate and high temperature electrolyzer cell (<<HTE>>) comprising said substrate.

Abstract: A spring steel with high fatigue resistance in air and in corrosive conditions and with high resistance to cyclic sag, having the composition in weight percent: C=0.45-0.70% Si=1.65-2.50% Mn=0.20-0.75% Cr=0.60-2% Ni=0.15-1% Mo=traces-1% V=0.003-0.8% Cu=0.10-1% Ti=0.020-0.2% Nb=traces-0.2% AI=0.002-0.050% P=traces-0.015% S=traces-0.015% O=traces-0.0020% N=0.0020-0.0110% the balance being iron, and impurities resulting from the steel making process, where the carbon equivalent Ceq content calculated according to the formula: Ceq %=[C %]+0.12 [Si %]+0.17 [Mn %]?0.1 [Ni %]+0.13 [Cr %]?0.24 [V %] is between 0.80 and 1.00%, and whose hardness, after quenching and tempering, is greater than or equal to 55 HRC.