Abstract: In order to provide a photoelectric conversion element having higher photoelectric conversion efficiency, in a photoelectric conversion element having a first electrode, a second electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer containing an organic-inorganic perovskite compound and disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, a particle layer including particles that mainly contain a phthalocyanine compound is arranged between the photoelectric conversion layer and the first electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a photoelectric conversion element including a first electrode 3, a second electrode 7, a photoelectric conversion layer 5 between the first electrode 3 and the second electrode 7, and a reflection layer 6 between one of the first electrode 3 and the second electrode 7 and the photoelectric conversion layer 5. The wavelength at which the reflectance of the reflection layer 6 is maximum in the visible region is within the range of wavelengths in which the optical absorption coefficient of the photoelectric conversion layer 5 is ? or more of the maximum optical absorption coefficient in the visible region.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can obtain a satisfactory image free from the image defect such as the interference fringes as an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and can achieve high fineness in an output image. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, an electroconductive layer and a photosensitive layer, in this order, wherein the electroconductive layer comprises a binder resin, a metal oxide particle and a silica particle, a content of the metal oxide particle in the electroconductive layer is 20.0 to 60.0% by volume with respect to total volume of the electroconductive layer, the metal oxide particle has an average primary particle diameter of 50 to 500 nm, and the silica particle has an average primary particle diameter of 10 to 300 nm.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member including: a support, an undercoat layer formed above the support, a charge generation layer formed on the undercoat layer, and a charge transport layer formed above the charge generation layer, wherein the undercoat layer contains a polyamide resin and a titanium oxide particle which is surface-treated with a compound represented by Formula (1): when a volume of the titanium oxide particles to a volume of the polyamide resin in the undercoat layer is a, and an average primary particle diameter of the titanium oxide particles is b [?m], the following Equation (A) is satisfied: Equation (A): 14.0?a/b?19.1; and the charge generation layer contains a charge generating material and a thermoplastic resin having a hydroxyl group and a hydroxyl number of 50 mgKOH/g or more.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can simultaneously achieve the suppression of the occurrence of the black spot in a charged portion and the suppression of the deterioration in sensitivity of an exposed portion, even after stored in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment. An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes an electro-conductive support, an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer in this order, wherein an atomic concentration ratio R of the oxygen atom to the aluminum atom on the surface of the electro-conductive support, as measured by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, satisfies the following Expression (1): 1.6?R??(1) and the undercoat layer includes a titanium oxide particle that is surface-treated with a particular silane compound.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a support, an undercoat layer placed on the support, a charge generation layer placed on the undercoat layer, and a charge transport layer placed on the charge generation layer. The undercoat layer contains titanium oxide particles surface-treated with an organosilicon compound that is at least one member selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formulas (1) to (8) and a polyamide resin. The charge generation layer contains hydroxygallium phthalocyanine.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member that reduces the accumulation of charge and the leakage which are caused by a repeated use in a long period of time. The electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support, an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer in this order, wherein the undercoat layer contains a polyamide resin, and a titanium oxide particle, wherein the titanium oxide particle has been surfacetreated with an organosilicon compound, wherein the undercoat layer satisfies 10???70, where ? represents a degree [%] of hydrophobicity of the titanium oxide particle which has been surfacetreated with the organosilicon compound; and the undercoat layer satisfies 0.015?(?×?)?0.040, where ? represents an average primary particle size [?m] of the titanium oxide particles, and ? represents a weight percentage [wt %] of an Si element of the organosilicon compound with respect to the titanium oxide particle.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can simultaneously achieve the suppression of the occurrence of the black spot in a charged portion and the suppression of the deterioration in sensitivity of an exposed portion, even after stored in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment. An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes an electro-conductive support, an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer in this order, wherein an atomic concentration ratio R of the oxygen atom to the aluminum atom on the surface of the electro-conductive support, as measured by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, satisfies the following Expression (1): 1.6?R??(1) and the undercoat layer includes a titanium oxide particle that is surface-treated with a particular silane compound.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes, in this order, a support, a charge generating layer having a thickness of more than 200 nm and containing a hydroxygallium phthalocyanine pigment or a chlorogallium phthalocyanine pigment as a charge generating material, and a charge transport layer containing a charge transporting material. The charge generating material satisfies a requirement for a specific parameter.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that is improved in potential stability in long-term use under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and does not cause degradation in image quality, such as a low density. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes: a support; an undercoat layer formed on the support; a charge-generating layer formed directly on the undercoat layer; and a charge-transporting layer formed on the charge-generating layer. The undercoat layer contains a polyamide resin, titanium oxide particles surface-treated with an organic silicon compound, and a compound represented by the following Formula (1), and has a content of the compound represented by the Formula (1) of 4 ppm or more and 80 ppm or less: in the Formula (1), R and R? each independently represent a methyl group or an ethyl group.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a support, an undercoat layer placed on the support, a charge generation layer placed on the undercoat layer, and a charge transport layer placed on the charge generation layer. The undercoat layer contains titanium oxide particles surface-treated with an organosilicon compound that is at least one member selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formulas (1) to (8) and a polyamide resin. The charge generation layer contains hydroxygallium phthalocyanine.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that is improved in potential stability in long-term use under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and does not cause degradation in image quality, such as a low density. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes: a support; an undercoat layer formed on the support; a charge-generating layer formed directly on the undercoat layer; and a charge-transporting layer formed on the charge-generating layer. The undercoat layer contains a polyamide resin, titanium oxide particles surface-treated with an organic silicon compound, and a compound represented by the following Formula (1), and has a content of the compound represented by the Formula (1) of 4 ppm or more and 80 ppm or less: in the Formula (1), R and R? each independently represent a methyl group or an ethyl group.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member that reduces the accumulation of charge and the leakage which are caused by a repeated use in a long period of time. The electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support, an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer in this order, wherein the undercoat layer contains a polyamide resin, and a titanium oxide particle, wherein the titanium oxide particle has been surfacetreated with an organosilicon compound, wherein the undercoat layer satisfies 10???70, where ? represents a degree [%] of hydrophobicity of the titanium oxide particle which has been surfacetreated with the organosilicon compound; and the undercoat layer satisfies 0.015?(?×?)?0.040, where ? represents an average primary particle size [?m] of the titanium oxide particles, and ? represents a weight percentage [wt %] of an Si element of the organosilicon compound with respect to the titanium oxide particle.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor comprises a support, an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a hole transport layer in this order. The undercoat layer comprises an electron transport substance, and the charge generation layer comprises a gallium phthalocyanine crystal and an amide compound represented by formula (N1): where R1 represents a methyl group, a propyl group, or a vinyl group.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support member, a charge generating layer containing a phthalocyanine pigment as a charge generating material, a charge transport layer containing a charge transporting material in this order. The charge generating layer has a thickness of less than 200 nm, and the phthalocyanine pigment includes phthalocyanine crystalline particles having a particle size distribution and satisfies a requirement that the volume average of the products of ?i and ?i is 0.31 or more.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member including: a support, an undercoat layer formed above the support, a charge generation layer formed on the undercoat layer, and a charge transport layer formed above the charge generation layer, wherein the undercoat layer contains a polyamide resin and a titanium oxide particle which is surface-treated with a compound represented by Formula (1): when a volume of the titanium oxide particles to a volume of the polyamide resin in the undercoat layer is a, and an average primary particle diameter of the titanium oxide particles is b [?m], the following Equation (A) is satisfied: Equation (A): 14.0?a/b?19.1; and the charge generation layer contains a charge generating material and a thermoplastic resin having a hydroxyl group and a hydroxyl number of 50 mgKOH/g or more.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of achieving both high leak resistance and reduction in variations in dark part potential and bright part potential due to repeated use even when CB is used for an electrically conductive layer. An electrophotographic photosensitive member including: a support, an electrically conductive layer, and a photosensitive layer, sequentially, wherein the electrically conductive layer contains a binder resin and carbon black, a number average primary particle diameter of the carbon black is 200 nm or more and 500 nm or less, an average inter-particle distance of the carbon black is 200 nm or more and 600 nm or less, a coefficient of variation of an inter-particle distance is 1.2 or less, and SF-1 of the carbon black is 150 or less.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support member, an electroconductive layer, and a photosensitive layer in this order. The electroconductive layer contains a binder and particles. Each of the particles include a core made of a substance represented by general formula (1), and a coating layer coating the core and containing an electrically conductive material: M1M2O3??(1) wherein M1 represents an element selected from the group consisting of Sr, Li, Na, K, and Ba, and M2 represents an element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, Ta, and Zr.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member which can simultaneously achieve less occurrence of leakage and the definition of an output image even when being an electrophotographic photosensitive member where a layer containing a metal oxide particle is adopted as an electroconductive layer, and which includes a support, an electroconductive layer and a photosensitive layer in this order, wherein the electroconductive layer contains a binder material and a particle represented by general formula (1): TiO2.00?XNY??(1) wherein Ti represents a titanium atom, O represents an oxygen atom, N represents a nitrogen atom and 0.00<Y<X?0.60 is satisfied.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which leakage hardly occurs even in the case of using a layer containing metal oxide particles as an electrically conductive layer in the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and which is compatible with definition in output images, the electrophotographic photosensitive member sequentially including: a support, an electrically conductive layer, and a photosensitive layer, the electrically conductive layer containing a binder material and particles represented by General Formula (1). Nb2.00O5.00-XNY??(1) (In Formula (1), Nb is a niobium atom, O is an oxygen atom, N is a nitrogen atom, and 0.00<Y<X?4.00).