Abstract: Provided are a field effect transistor, a method of manufacturing the same, and an electronic device including the field effect transistor. The field effect transistor may have a structure in which a double gate field effect transistor and a recess channel array transistor are formed in a single transistor in order to improve a short channel effect which occurs as field effect transistors become more highly integrated, a method of manufacturing the same, and an electronic device including the field effect transistor. The field effect transistor can exhibit stable device characteristics even when more highly integrated in such a manner that both the length and width of a channel increase and particularly the channel can be significantly long, and can be manufactured simply.

Abstract: An address counting circuit includes a counter configured to sequentially count from an initial address in response to a clock signal in order to output counted addresses. The address counting circuit also includes a code conversion unit that is configured to output converted addresses such that only one address bit of the converted addresses with respect to the previous converted addresses are toggled to output the converted addresses. The converted addresses output form the code conversion unit do not overlap with one another.

Abstract: A use of a compound in obtaining cytoskeleton and cell elongation is disclosed, the compound is 7-chloro-6-piperidin-1-yl-quinoline-5,8-dione with a chemical formula of C14H13CIN2O2, is designated as PT-262. The PT-262 can induce cell elongation by stabilization of the F-actin and induction of the abnormal actin polymerization in cancer cells, further, the PT-262 possesses antitumor activity and can block survival pathway of the cancer cells, resulting in cancer cells apoptosis, and the PT-262 can induce growth arrest and inhibition of cell cycle. PT-262 stabilizes cancer cells cytoskeleton that results in an irreversible cell elongation, decreases the levels of cyclin B1 and phospho-cdc2 proteins, and inhibits the survival signal pathway of Ras-ERK proteins. The PT-262 also inhibits the mitochondrial membrane potential and induces the caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in the cancer cells.

Abstract: A circuit for eliminating a skew between data and a clock signal in an interface between a semiconductor memory device and a memory controller includes an edge information storage unit which stores edge information output from the semiconductor memory device, a pseudo data pattern generating unit which outputs pseudo data including a pattern similar to actually transmitted data, a phase detecting unit which receives the edge information from the edge information storage unit and the pseudo data from the pseudo data pattern generating unit to detect a phase difference between the data and the clock signal and generate a corresponding detection result, and a phase control unit which controls a phase of the clock signal according to the corresponding detection result from the phase detecting unit, so as to eliminate a per-data input/output pin skew in a data write and read operation of the semiconductor memory device.

Abstract: A process for producing a carbon structural body is provided, with which a carbon structural body having any of various nanostructures can be produced inexpensively and efficiently. The method includes forming a carbon-containing material into a pattern, coating the obtained pattern with a proto-shaped mold, and calcining and carbonizing the coated pattern.

Abstract: An automatic data downloader (ADD) causes a source device communicating with the ADD to download available software for destination devices using a single predetermined update channel. The software is received by the ADD from the source device and stored. Upon connecting to destination device that is compatible with downloaded software, the ADD sends the software to the destination device.

Abstract: A disclosed film deposition apparatus includes a process chamber inside which a reduced pressure space is maintained; a gas supplying portion that supplies a film deposition gas to the process chamber; a substrate holding portion that is made of a material including carbon as a primary constituent and holds a substrate in the process chamber; a coil that is arranged outside the process chamber and inductively heats the substrate holding portion; and a thermal insulation member that covers the substrate holding portion and is arranged to be separated from the process chamber, wherein the reduced pressure space is separated into a film deposition gas supplying space to which the film deposition gas is supplied and a thermal insulation space defined between the substrate holding portion and the process chamber, and wherein a cooling medium is supplied to the thermal insulation space.

Abstract: An adaptive and scalable packet error correction apparatus and method in a wireless multicast network is provided. Each retransmission request from a receiver contains a round number and the number of repairs sent in that round. At each receiver, there are two counters for counting the rounds sent out on the network and the number of repairs that have been required. A receiver on the wireless multicast network listens to the ARQ requests sent by other receivers to update the two counters and determines whether its request should be suppressed or be sent out.

Abstract: A heterodyne receiver of a wireless communication system using an analog discrete-time signal processing is provided. The heterodyne receiver includes: a radio signal processing unit configured to extract a signal of a desired band from a received radio signal and convert the extracted signal into an intermediate frequency (IF) signal that is an integer multiple of a sample rate specified in a specification of the wireless communication system; a discrete-time signal processing unit configured to charge-sample the IF signal in unit of a predetermined time and perform an anti-aliasing filtering and a successive decimation on the charge-sampled signal, a final output rate according to the decimation being an integer multiple of the specified sample rate; and an analog-to-digital conversion unit configured to convert the successively-decimated analog signal into a digital signal.

Abstract: A waveguide connecting structure includes a light branching element (111) for branching light from an input optical waveguide (201) including one core into two branched light components having the same optical power and the same phase, and a twin-arm waveguide (113) including a pair of arm waveguides (113A, 113B) for outputting the light components branched by the light branching element to a slot waveguide (202) including two cores arranged in parallel at a narrow spacing. The pair of arm waveguides have cores formed in a cladding on a substrate and having a refractive index higher than that of the cladding, and are formed such that the spacing between them gradually narrows and becomes equal to the core spacing of the slot waveguide from the core input ends into which the branched light components enter toward the core output ends from which the light components are output to the slot waveguide.

Abstract: Information leaked from smart cards and other tamper resistant cryptographic devices can be statistically analyzed to determine keys or other secret data. A data collection and analysis system is configured with an analog-to-digital converter connected to measure the device's consumption of electrical power, or some other property of the target device, that varies during the device's processing. As the target device performs cryptographic operations, data from the A/D converter are recorded for each cryptographic operation. The stored data are then processed using statistical analysis, yielding the entire key, or partial information about the key that can be used to accelerate a brute force search or other attack.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a data block in a wireless communication system includes generating a data block having a variable size in an upper layer, transmitting a radio resource request message to a base station according to the size of the data block in a medium access control (MAC) layer and transmitting the data block by using a radio resource allocated by using the radio resource request message. For a packet service such as VoIP in which a delay time is important, QoS can be improved by decreasing the delay time of packet transmission and by decreasing a packet discard ratio.

Abstract: A contents server for providing a contents creating service is disclosed. When the contents server receives a request for first contents from a terminal, it provides the first contents to the terminal. When the contents server receives second contents using the first contents from the terminal, it gives a point to a producer of the first contents. Thus, contents of a different person can be easily used for creating contents, and a producer of used contents can be properly compensated.

Abstract: Nonvolatile memory devices include support memory cell recovery during operations to erase blocks of nonvolatile (e.g., flash) memory cells. A nonvolatile memory system includes a flash memory device and a memory controller electrically coupled to the flash memory device. The memory controller is configured to control memory cell recovery operations within the flash memory device by issuing a first instruction(s) to the flash memory device that causes erased memory cells in the block of memory to become at least partially programmed memory cells and then issuing a second instruction(s) to the flash memory device that causes the at least partially programmed memory cells become fully erased.

Abstract: Disclosed are a display device and a front cover thereof. The display device includes a display module to form an image, a front cover to cover a rim of a front surface of the display module, a keypad display provided at the front cover, at least one light emitting unit to emit light to the keypad display disposed between the display module and the front cover, and at least one light guide channel provided at the keypad display, the light guide channel having a cross-sectional area decreasing away from the light emitting unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pulverizing screw, a pulverizing casing and a pulverizer having the same. The pulverizing screw includes a rotating shaft and a drive blade which extends from the rotating shaft in a spiral shape. The drive blade rotates in the pulverizing casing in such a manner as to maintain a predetermined distance between the drive blade and the inner surface of the pulverizing casing to prevent the drive blade from being impeded by the inner surface of the pulverizing casing. The drive blade extends from a first end of the rotating shaft in a spiral shape surrounding the rotating shaft in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction and is connected to a second end of the rotating shaft. The pulverizing casing comprises a spherical body having a space therein. The pulverizing screw is installed in the spherical body so as to be rotatable.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a driving support system and a display device suitable for the driving support system. According to the driving support system, change in driver's mental and physical conditions can be caught instantaneously and a warning light emission display is given within the forward sight of the driver in order to call the driver's attention. A light emitting device of the driving support system can display a far side of the display. A display may be switched between a transmission mode and a non-transmission mode by adjusting a movable polarizer.

Abstract: A conical structure of cubic Boron Nitride (cBN) is formed on a diamond layered substrate. A method of forming the cBN structure includes steps of (a) forming diamond nuclei on a substrate, (b) growing a layer of diamond film on the substrate, (c) depositing a cBN film on said diamond layer, (d) pre-depositing nanoscale etching masks on the the cBN film, and (e) etching the the deposited cBN film. In particular, though not exclusively, the cubic Boron Nitride structure has great potential applications in probe analytical and testing techniques including scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and nanoindentation, nanomechanics and nanomachining in progressing microelectromechanical system (MEMS) and nanoelectyromechanical system (NEMS) devices, field electron emission, vacuum microelectronic devices, sensors and different electrode systems including those used in electrochemistry.

Abstract: A wireless communications device (200) is provided. The device includes a demodulator (210) configured for computing estimated bits for a modulated input signal 220 representing a the symbols associated with a frame, the estimated bits including estimated values for a frame of bits and at least one forward error correction (FEC) error bit encoded into the symbols. The device further includes an FEC decision decoder (212) configured for receiving at least a first portion of the estimated bits and calculating values for a first portion of the frame bits associated with the first portion of said the estimated bits, where the estimated bits are computed based on a condition of a communication channel associated with the modulated input signal and a frequency deviation associated with said demodulator.

Abstract: An image scanning apparatus includes a first scanning unit to scan a first side of a conveyed document and detect a white area, a direction change unit to re-convey the conveyed document to a duplex scan path, a second scanning unit to scan the white area of the re-conveyed document, and a controller to perform a shading correction of the second scanning unit using scan data for the white area.