Abstract: An anomaly detection server is provided. The anomaly detection server is a server for counteracting an anomalous frame transmitted on an on-board network of a single vehicle. The anomaly detection server acquires information about multiple frames received on one or multiple on-board networks of one or multiple vehicles, including the single vehicle. The anomaly detection server, acting as an assessment unit that, based on the information about the multiple frames and information about a frame received on the on-board network of the single vehicle after the acquisition of the information about the multiple frames, assesses an anomaly level of the frame received on the on-board network of the single vehicle.

Abstract: An electronic control unit is connected to a network in an in-vehicle network system. The electronic control unit includes a first control circuit and a second control circuit. The first control circuit is connected to the network via the second control circuit. The second control circuit performs a first determination process on a frame to determine conformity of the frame with a first rule. Upon determining that the frame conforms to the first rule, the second control circuit transmits the frame to the first control circuit. The first control circuit performs a second determination process on the frame to determine conformity of the frame with a second rule. The second rule is different from the first rule.

Abstract: A monitoring device includes three or more monitors each monitoring, as a monitoring target, at least one of software and a communication log. The three or more monitors include a first monitor operating with a first execution privilege, a second monitor operating with a second execution privilege having a reliability level lower than the first execution privilege, and a third monitor operating with a third execution privilege having a reliability level that is the same as the second execution privilege or that is lower than the second execution privilege. The first monitor monitors software of the second monitor, and at least one of the first monitor or the second monitor monitors software of the third monitor.

Abstract: A gateway device is connected to a plurality of electronic controllers on-board a vehicle. The gateway device acquires firmware update information, which includes at least a part of updated firmware to be applied to a first electronic controller, patch data, and information indicating where to apply the patch data. When the gateway device determines that the first electronic controller does not include a firmware cache for performing a pre-update firmware cache operation, the gateway device executes a proxy process. In this regard, the gateway device requests the first electronic controller to transmit boot ROM data to the gateway device, merges the patch data and existing firmware to create updated boot ROM data with updated firmware, and transmits the updated boot ROM data to the first electronic controller that updates the boot ROM data and resets the first electronic controller with the updated firmware.

Abstract: An ECU (Electronic Control Unit) includes a HV (HyperVisor), and a first VM (Virtual Machine) and a second VM that operate on the HV. The first VM detects an abnormality in a process in the first VM. When the first VM detects an abnormality, the first VM notifies the second VM of information related to the abnormality via the HV. The second VM executes a process responsive to the abnormality, based on the information related to the abnormality provided from the first VM.

Abstract: A gateway device is connected via network(s) to electronic controllers on-board a vehicle, where at least one of the electronic controllers is implemented in a virtual machine. The gateway device includes one or more memories, and circuitry that acquires firmware update information. The circuitry determines whether a first electronic controller satisfies a second condition based on second information, which is whether the first electronic controller includes a firmware cache for performing a pre-update firmware cache operation. The circuitry also causes, when the second condition is not satisfied, the gateway device to execute a proxy process, where the gateway device requests the first electronic controller to transmit boot ROM data to the gateway device, creates updated boot ROM data with the updated firmware, and transmits the updated boot ROM data to the first electronic controller that updates the boot ROM and resets the first electronic controller with the updated firmware.

Abstract: The monitoring system is a system that monitors a virtualization system, the system including: a VM monitor and a request monitor each of which has a different authority, monitors the virtualization system, and detects an anomaly; and a determiner that determines a state of the virtualization system based on monitoring results from the VM monitor and the request monitor.

Abstract: A log generation method for generating a log of communication on an in-vehicle network includes: performing a plurality of determination processes for determining, by using different methods, whether or not a message sent to the in-vehicle network is anomalous; generating a log in accordance with results of the plurality of determination processes; and transmitting the generated log. In the generating, information items to be included in the log are determined in accordance with a combination of the results of the plurality of determination processes so that the log does not include identical information items.

Abstract: An integrated ECU is a vehicle control system provided in a vehicle, and includes: an application executor that executes an application program; an environment state determiner that determines whether the application executor is anomalous; a first resource provider that provides a resource to be used for controlling the vehicle; and a first access controller that, upon acceptance of a request for the resource from the application program, (a) prohibits provision of the resource from the resource provider to the application program, when the environment state determiner determines that the application executor is anomalous, and (b) permits the provision of the resource from the resource provider to the application program, when the environment state determiner determines that the application executor is not anomalous.

Abstract: A vehicle control system includes: a detector that detects an attack on an application; a vehicle state verifier that verifies a state of a vehicle when the detector detects the attack; an influence verifier that verifies, based on a verification result of the vehicle state verifier, an influence on the vehicle assuming operation of the application subjected to the attack is stopped; a determiner that determines, based on a verification result of the influence verifier, at least one of a response method for responding to the attack or a recovery method for recovering the application subjected to the attack; and a controller that executes at least one of the response method or the recovery method determined.

Abstract: A key management method serves as an electronic control unit (ECU) in an onboard network system having a plurality of ECUs that perform communication by frames via a network. The method includes storing, in a first-type ECU, a shared key to be mutually shared with second-type ECUs, and executing encryption processing regarding a framed transmitted or received via the network, based on the shared key. The method further includes executing, by the first-type ECU, inspection of a security state of the shared key stored by the second type ECUs in a case where a vehicle is in at least one of the following particular states, including immediately after the vehicle is not driving and is entering the accessory-on state, immediately after the vehicle is not driving and the vehicle is entering the accessory-off state, and immediately after the vehicle engine is started.

Abstract: An information processing device includes: an obtainer that obtains, from an anomaly detection sensor that detects an anomaly in a network, a detection log related to the anomaly in the network and the detection time of the anomaly indicated in the detection log; an occurrence time determiner that determines the occurrence time of an attack on the network based on the obtained detection time, and records the determined occurrence time; and an end time determiner that determines the expected end time of the attack on the network based on the obtained detection log, and records the determined expected end time.

Abstract: An information processing device includes: an obtainer that obtains, from an anomaly detection sensor that detects an anomaly in a network, a detection log related to the anomaly in the network and the detection time of the anomaly indicated in the detection log; an occurrence time determiner that determines the occurrence time of an attack on the network based on the obtained detection time, and records the determined occurrence time; and an end time determiner that determines the expected end time of the attack on the network based on the obtained detection log, and records the determined expected end time.

Abstract: A management device includes: an obtainer that obtains, from a processing device, a log of operation performed by the processing device and verification data for certifying that the log is valid information; a verifier that performs verification of whether the log is valid information, based on the verification data obtained by the obtainer; and a controller that performs storage control for storing the log as an analysis log for analyzing an anomaly into a storage device, in accordance with a result of the verification performed by the verifier.

Abstract: An anomaly detection server is provided. The anomaly detection server is a server for counteracting an anomalous frame transmitted on an on-board network of a single vehicle. The anomaly detection server acquires information about multiple frames received on one or multiple on-board networks of one or multiple vehicles, including the single vehicle. The anomaly detection server, acting as an assessment unit that, based on the information about the multiple frames and information about a frame received on the on-board network of the single vehicle after the acquisition of the information about the multiple frames, assesses an anomaly level of the frame received on the on-board network of the single vehicle.

Abstract: A method for verifying content data to be used in a vehicle is provided. The method includes acquiring content data, acquiring, from partial data divided from the content data, a respective plurality of first hash values, acquiring a signature generated by using the first hash values and a key, acquiring state information that indicates a state of a vehicle, determining an integer N that is greater than or equal to one based on the acquired state information, generating, from N pieces of partial data included in the partial data, respective second hash values, verifying the content data by using each of (a) a subset of the plurality of first hash values respectively generated from partial data other than the N pieces of partial data, (b) the second hash values, and (c) the signature, and outputting information that indicates a result of the verifying.

Abstract: A gateway device is connected via network(s) to electronic controllers on-board a vehicle, where at least one of the electronic controllers is implemented in a virtual machine. The gateway device includes one or more memories, and circuitry that acquires firmware update information. The circuitry determines whether a first electronic controller satisfies a second condition based on second information, which is whether the first electronic controller includes a firmware cache for performing a pre-update firmware cache operation. The circuitry also causes, when the second condition is not satisfied, the gateway device to execute a proxy process, where the gateway device requests the first electronic controller to transmit boot ROM data to the gateway device, creates updated boot ROM data with the updated firmware, and transmits the updated boot ROM data to the first electronic controller that updates the boot ROM and resets the first electronic controller with the updated firmware.

Abstract: A method for verifying content data to be used in a vehicle is provided. The method includes acquiring content data, acquiring, from partial data divided from the content data, a respective plurality of first hash values, acquiring a signature generated by using the first hash values and a key, acquiring state information that indicates a state of a vehicle, determining an integer N that is greater than or equal to one based on the acquired state information, generating, from N pieces of partial data included in the partial data, respective second hash values, verifying the content data by using each of (a) a subset of the plurality of first hash values respectively generated from partial data other than the N pieces of partial data, (b) the second hash values, and (c) the signature, and outputting information that indicates a result of the verifying.

Abstract: A key management method serves as an electronic control unit (ECU) in an onboard network system having a plurality of ECUs that perform communication by frames via a network. The method includes storing, in a first-type ECU, a shared key to be mutually shared with second-type ECUs, and executing encryption processing regarding a framed transmitted or received via the network, based on the shared key. The method further includes executing, by the first-type ECU, inspection of a security state of the shared key stored by the second type ECUs in a case where a vehicle is in at least one of the following particular states, including immediately after the vehicle is not driving and is entering the accessory-on state, immediately after the vehicle is not driving and the vehicle is entering the accessory-off state, and immediately after the vehicle engine is started.

Abstract: A gateway device is connected via one or more networks to electronic controllers on-board a vehicle. The gateway device includes one or more memories, and circuitry that acquires firmware update information. The circuitry determines whether or not a first electronic controller satisfies a second condition based on second information about the first electronic controller, where the second information is whether the first electronic controller includes a firmware cache for performing a pre-update firmware cache operation. The circuitry also causes, when the second condition is not satisfied, the gateway device to execute a proxy process, where the gateway device requests the first electronic controller to transmit boot ROM data to the gateway device, creates updated boot ROM data with the updated firmware, and transmits the updated boot ROM data to the first electronic controller that updates the boot ROM and resets the first electronic controller with the updated firmware.