Abstract: A wafer cleaning apparatus is provided. The wafer cleaning apparatus includes comprising a chamber configured to be loaded with a wafer, a nozzle on the wafer and configured to provide liquid chemicals on an upper surface of the wafer, a housing under the wafer, a laser module configured to irradiate laser on the wafer, a transparent window disposed between the wafer and the laser module, and a controller configured to control on/off of the laser module, wherein the controller is configured to control repetition of turning the laser module on and off, and retain temperature of the wafer within a temperature range, and a ratio of time when the laser module is on in one cycle including on/off of the laser module is 30% to 50%.

Abstract: An image sensor is provided. The image sensor includes a substrate including a plurality of unit pixels, each of unit pixels includes a photoelectric conversion element; a first trench formed in the substrate in a lattice shape to isolate the plurality of unit pixels; a plurality of first capacitor structures extended along a sidewall of the first trench in the first trench, including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a first dielectric layer between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a first capacitor isolation pattern at a lattice point of the first trench to isolate the plurality of first capacitor structures.

Abstract: An electronic device includes an intelligent refresh control circuit generating an intelligent refresh pulse with a pulse that has a generation period that is adjusted based on the number of generations of an auto refresh signal during an intelligent refresh operation, and an internal refresh signal generation circuit outputting one of a self-refresh pulse including a pulse that is periodically generated by an enable signal during a self-refresh operation and the intelligent refresh pulse as an internal refresh signal.

Abstract: A table includes a tabletop and a leg assembly to support the tabletop. The leg assembly comprises first and second supports movably connected to the tabletop. The first support includes a first bar and the second support includes a second bar. The first and second bars are pivotally connected to the first bar. The leg assembly also includes a mechanism for adjusting a height of the leg assembly. The mechanism includes a first coupling piece disposed at the first bar and a second coupling piece pivotally connected to the second bar. One of the first and second coupling pieces includes multiple positioning slots. The other of the first and second coupling pieces is selectively engageable with any one of the positioning slots. Engagement with different positioning slots changes an angle between the first and second bars and consequently changes the height of the leg assembly.

Abstract: An overvoltage characteristics evaluation apparatus for a battery includes a sensing unit to measure a current and a voltage of the battery, and a control unit to determine a measured capacity history and a measured voltage history of the battery during a discharge event executed subsequent to polarization-inducing pretreatment for the battery. The control unit determines a first measured voltage curve indicating a correlation between the measured capacity history and the measured voltage history, and a second measured voltage curve indicating a correlation between a depth of discharge history obtained by normalizing the measured capacity history to a total discharge capacity of the measured capacity history and the measured voltage history. The control unit determines a differential voltage curve by differentiating the measured voltage history.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a spinner configured to hold a wafer, a nozzle configured to supply a liquid chemical onto an upper surface of the wafer, and a laser module configured to heat the wafer by radiating a laser beam to a lower surface of the wafer while the nozzle supplies the liquid chemical onto the upper surface of the wafer.

Abstract: A switch apparatus, includes: a base module including a base case, and a moving magnet movably mounted in the base case; and a manipulation module including a manipulation case, and a first magnet fixedly mounted in the manipulation case, wherein the moving magnet moves between a hold position and a releasable position, the hold position refers to a position in which the manipulation module is held onto the base module as an attractive force acts between the moving magnet and the first magnet, and the releasable position refers to a position in which the manipulation module is releasable from the base module as a repulsive force acts between the moving magnet and the first magnet.

Abstract: An axle assembly for a driving wheel of a vehicle allows a wheel-side joint and a shaft to be rotated separately from a boot while driving so as to prevent generation of friction noise of the boot. The axle assembly includes the shaft rotated by receiving driving force from a powertrain; an axle housing disposed to pass through a center of a steering knuckle connected to a steering apparatus; a wheel bearing mounted between the steering knuckle and the axle housing; a joint bearing mounted on an outer part of the shaft; and a boot unit configured to have a first end coupled to an outer race of the joint bearing and a second end coupled to an outer race of the wheel bearing so as to form a space filled with a lubricant outside the shaft.

Abstract: A portable structure includes a main body, a ridge coupled or formed with the main body and a supporting assembly with a mounting bar disposed adjacent to the ridge. The portable structure also includes a handle coupled to one or more of the ridge, main body and mounting bar by first and second connectors. Each connector includes a first connecting piece connected to the ridge and a second connecting piece coupled or formed with the first connecting piece. The handle includes first and second attachment portions connected to the first and second connectors, respectively, and a gripping portion between the first and second attachment portions to facilitate grasping of the handle.

Abstract: The xylylene diisocyanate composition according to exemplary examples includes xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), and an acidity adjusting agent having a boiling point of 110° C. or higher, wherein the composition has an acidity of more than 100 ppm and 1,000 ppm or less based on a total weight of xylylene diisocyanate (XDI). A polymerization reaction rate is controlled through regulation of the acidity so that an optical lens having high transmittance and improved optical uniformity may be manufactured.

Abstract: A thin, flexible antenna module is provided for use in a smartphone. When the antenna module is assembled in the smartphone, the antenna module provides an MST antenna and an NFC antenna. For this, the antenna module includes a flexible PCB containing coils and further includes a magnetic sheet engaged with flexible PCB. The flexible PCB and the magnetic sheet are attached to each other to form a single body.

Abstract: A wafer cleaning equipment includes a housing to be positioned adjacent to a wafer, a hollow region in the housing, a laser module that outputs a laser beam having a profile of the laser beam includes a first region having a first intensity and a second region having a second intensity greater than the first intensity, the laser beam being output into the hollow region, and a transparent window that covers an upper part of the hollow region and transmits the laser beam to be incident on an entirety of a lower surface of the wafer.

Abstract: A tent frame includes a detachable illumination device with a casing to house batteries, a light source to emit light, a coupler and a first cover. The casing includes a first member. The coupler includes a second member, and one or more electrically-conductive members for electrically connecting the batteries. The second member is movable relative to the first member in a first direction to facilitate engagement/disengagement of the coupler with/from the casing. The second member is immovable relative to the first member in a second direction to prevent the one or more electrically-conductive members from misaligning with the batteries. The first cover is movable relative to the coupler in the first and second directions. When connected to the casing, the first cover pushes the coupler in the first direction toward the batteries and presses the one or more electrically-conductive members against the batteries to ensure electrical connection.

Abstract: A coil component includes a molded portion having one surface and another surface opposing each other, and a wound coil disposed on the one surface of the molded portion and including an innermost turn, at least one intermediate turn, and an outermost turn disposed outwardly of a central portion of the one surface of the molded portion. A cover portion is disposed to face the one surface of the molded portion and to cover the wound coil, and first and second external electrodes are connected to the wound coil and arranged to be spaced apart from each other on the other surface of the molded portion. A thickness of one region of the cover portion disposed on the innermost turn is thicker than a thickness of another region of the cover portion disposed on the outermost turn.

Abstract: A frame unit includes first and second bars spaced apart from each other, third bars disposed between the first and second bars, and connectors removably connecting the third bars with the first and second bars. A connector includes a body fixedly connected with the first or second bar, a casing defining an interior to receive an end of a third bar, and a slot allowing insertion of the end of the third bar into the casing. The interior defined by the casing has narrow and wide sides corresponding to the narrow and wide sides of the end of the third bar. As such, when the end of the third bar is inserted into the casing, the end of the third bar is prevented from any translational movement within the casing. The connectors allow quick and easy connection of bars, and in the meantime enhance the stability of the frame unit.

Abstract: Disclosed are a three-dimensional flash memory, which reduces leakage current and supports a hole injection erase technique, and a method for manufacturing same. According to an embodiment, the three-dimensional flash memory comprises: a substrate; a channel layer extending in one direction on the substrate and having the shape of a hollow macaroni; and a P-type filer extending in the one direction while filling the inner space of the channel layer.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus and a substrate processing method are provided, which can improve the yield by minimizing the occurrence of stains. The substrate processing method includes forming on the substrate a plurality of ink patterns spaced apart from each other by jetting ink onto the substrate by using a plurality of nozzles, calculating the density of each of the plurality of ink patterns, and selecting at least one nozzle for jetting ink into one pixel area based on respectively calculated densities of the plurality of ink patterns.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a security device comprising a colloidal crystal which exhibits excellent visibility and is also easily manufactured. The security device, according to the present invention, comprises: a substrate; a groove part formed on the substrate; a colloidal crystal positioned in the groove part; and an aging film. The security device, according to the present invention, exhibits excellent security and visibility, and thus may be used for securities, credit cards, security cards, anti-forgery products, etc.

Abstract: A display device includes: a display region including a first pixel region, a second pixel region, and a third pixel region; a dummy region including a first dummy region disposed between the second pixel region and the third pixel region; first, second, and third pixels respectively arranged in the first pixel region, the second pixel region, and the third pixel region in a matrix of vertical lines and horizontal lines; a data converter configured to: receive first image data including effective data corresponding to the display region and dummy data corresponding to the dummy region; and generate second image data by converting a gray scale value of dummy data corresponding to at least one region of the first dummy region in the first image data into a predetermined first gray scale value, the first gray scale value being between a lowest gray scale value and a highest gray scale value.

Abstract: A frame includes a mounting assembly having a plurality of mounting members connected to or integrally formed with each other. The frame also includes first and second leg assemblies pivotally connected with the mounting assembly at first and second sides of the mounting assembly, respectively. The first and second leg assemblies are foldable into an interior defined by the mounting assembly and, when folded, are substantially on the same plane as the mounting assembly. The frame further includes one or more supporting assemblies to help stabilize the first and second leg assemblies and support the mounting assembly when the frame is unfolded. Thus, the frame is compact when folded and stable when in use.