Abstract: Provided is a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material comprising lithium iron phosphate particles, and the positive electrode has a loading amount of 450 mg/25 cm2 to 740 mg/25 cm2, and the non-aqueous electrolyte includes a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and an additive, wherein the organic solvent includes ethylene carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate, and the dimethyl carbonate is included in 5 vol % to 75 vol % in the organic solvent, and the additive contains vinylene carbonate, and the weight ratio of the vinylene carbonate to the dimethyl carbonate is greater than 0 to 0.2 or less.

Abstract: A method of recovering a solvent including: supplying polymerization reactants including one or more monomers and a solvent to a reactor to obtain a polymer solution; supplying a stream including the polymer solution to a separator to separate an upper discharge stream including the solvent, wherein the solvent is in a gaseous phase, and a lower discharge stream including the polymer solution; heating a divergence stream including a part of the lower discharge stream from the separator by a heating device and refluxing the divergence stream to the separator; supplying a residue stream including a remainder of the lower discharge stream from the separator to a steam stripping process unit; and adjusting a vapor mass fraction of the divergence stream which is refluxed to the separator with a pressure adjustment valve after being heated by the heating device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a polyurethane filter foam having excellent air permeability, elasticity, and restoring force. In the method of manufacturing the polyurethane filter foam, the cell size of the filter foam is made regular by controlling the pressure by adjusting the diameter of the foaming head of a foaming machine, rather than adding a cell opener, cell irregularity caused by poor dispersion of the cell opener is alleviated, and air permeability, porosity, and compression set are excellent.

Abstract: A light emitting element includes: a light emitting stack pattern including a first semiconductor layer, an active layer, and a second semiconductor layer that are sequentially stacked along one direction; and an insulating film surrounding an outer surface of at least one of the first semiconductor layer, the active layer, and the second semiconductor layer. The insulating film including a zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film layer.

Abstract: A glass stress test method includes breaking a glass, analyzing a shape of a crack of a broken portion of the glass in a plan view, finding a breakage origin of the glass based on the shape of the crack in the plan view, analyzing a cross-section of the breakage origin, and calculating a stress of the glass based on a cross-sectional analysis result of the breakage origin. The stress of the glass is calculated as a value proportional to a floor constant defined by a condition of a floor surface disposed when the glass is broken.

Abstract: A light-emitting element includes a first semiconductor layer doped to have a first polarity, a second semiconductor layer doped to have a second polarity different from the first polarity, a light-emitting layer disposed between the first and second semiconductor layers, a shell layer formed on side surfaces of the first semiconductor layer, the light-emitting layer, and the second semiconductor layer, the shell layer including a divalent metal element, and an insulating film covering an outer surface of the shell layer and surrounding the side surface of the light-emitting layer.

Abstract: A vehicle seat reinforcement device includes a leg portion mounted on a floor panel, a seat cushion frame slidably mounted on the leg portion, and a load reinforcing structure connected between the leg portion and the seat cushion frame, wherein when a seat belt anchorage load is transferred to the seat cushion frame, the seat cushion frame is locked to the leg portion by the load reinforcing structure.

Abstract: A method of reinforcement learning of a neural network device for generating a verification vector for verifying a circuit design comprising a circuit block includes inputting a test vector to the circuit block, generating one or more rewards based on a coverage corresponding to the test vector, the coverage being determined based on a state transition of the circuit block based on the test vector, and applying the one or more rewards to a reinforcement learning.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a method for operating an electronic device may comprise operating touch circuitry configured to detect a touch or hovering according to a first driving signal in a first operation mode, detecting a first event related to mode switching, and operating the touch circuitry according to a second driving signal different from the first driving signal in a second operation mode based on detecting the first event. Other embodiments are also possible.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a method for operating an electronic device may comprise operating touch circuitry configured to detect a touch or hovering according to a first driving signal in a first operation mode, detecting a first event related to mode switching, and operating the touch circuitry according to a second driving signal different from the first driving signal in a second operation mode based on detecting the first event. Other embodiments are also possible.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods for securing wireless communication using an acoustic signal are described. In one method involving a first and second device, the second device generates, when connecting to the first device, connection initiation information including key information for secure communication, converts the connection initiation information to an acoustic signal, and transmits the acoustic signal to the first device through an acoustic communication channel. Then the second device monitors a radio wireless channel, which is secured using the key information for secure communication, to determine whether a valid response is received from the first device and, upon receipt of the valid response, discontinues transmission of the acoustic signal and begins communicating with the first device securely on the radio wireless channel.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods for securing wireless communication using an acoustic signal are described. In one method involving a first and second device, the second device generates, when connecting to the first device, connection initiation information including key information for secure communication, converts the connection initiation information to an acoustic signal, and transmits the acoustic signal to the first device through an acoustic communication channel. Then the second device monitors a radio wireless channel, which is secured using the key information for secure communication, to determine whether a valid response is received from the first device and, upon receipt of the valid response, discontinues transmission of the acoustic signal and begins communicating with the first device securely on the radio wireless channel.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for wireless communication using an acoustic signal in a system including a first device including a loudspeaker and a second device including a microphone. The first device generates wireless communication information, converts the wireless communication information to an acoustic signal, and transmits the acoustic signal to the second device using the loudspeaker. The second device receives the acoustic signal using the microphone, extracts the wireless communication information from the acoustic signal, generates an acknowledgment signal according to the extracted wireless communication information, and transmits the acknowledgment signal to the first device on a wireless communication channel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for methanol synthesis using synthesis gas obtained from reforming of natural gas with carbon dioxide. First, synthesis gas is obtained from steam carbon dioxide reforming of methane, in which steam reforming of natural gas is carried out simultaneously with carbon dioxide reforming of methane, by using a catalyst (Ni/Ce/MgAlOx, or Ni/Ce—Zr/MgAlOx) and processing condition capable of maintaining a predetermined ratio of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen [H2/(2CO+3CO2)=0.85-1.15]. Next, methanol synthesis is carried out by using the obtained synthesis gas and a catalyst system suitable for methanol synthesis with minimum byproduct formation (a catalyst system including a Cu—Zn—Al oxide containing CuO, ZnO, and Al2O3 at a predetermined ratio in combination with a cerium-zirconium oxide obtained by a sol-gel process).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for methanol synthesis using synthesis gas obtained from reforming of natural gas with carbon dioxide. First, synthesis gas is obtained from steam carbon dioxide reforming of methane, in which steam reforming of natural gas is carried out simultaneously with carbon dioxide reforming of methane, by using a catalyst (Ni/Ce/MgAlOx, or Ni/Ce—Zr/MgAlOx) and processing condition capable of maintaining a predetermined ratio of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen [H2/(2CO+3CO2)=0.85-1.15] Next, methanol synthesis is carried out by using the obtained synthesis as and a catalyst system suitable for methanol synthesis with minimum byproduct formation (a catalyst system including a Cu—Zn—Al oxide containing CuO, ZnO, and Al2O3 at a predetermined ratio in combination with a cerium-zirconium oxide obtained by a sol-gel process).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for wireless communication using an acoustic signal in a system including a first device including a loudspeaker and a second device including a microphone. The first device generates wireless communication information, converts the wireless communication information to an acoustic signal, and transmits the acoustic signal to the second device using the loudspeaker. The second device receives the acoustic signal using the microphone, extracts the wireless communication information from the acoustic signal, generates an acknowledgment signal according to the extracted wireless communication information, and transmits the acknowledgment signal to the first device on a wireless communication channel.