Abstract: A user terminal is connected to an IP network through an access gateway, and service provider networks are connected to the IP network through an exchange router and border gateways. A group of servers store, for example, information about users, information about services, information about connection, and account information, and, in addition, perform user accounting and alternative account billing to the users. The exchange router converts a packet from the user terminal to the protocol/format on the service provider side and converts a packet from the service provider side to the protocol/format of the user terminal. By virtue of this construction, a network system and a packet data transmission method can be realized which unify connection between users and a plurality of service providers and unified management of business routine and accounting.

Abstract: A searching system allowing high-speed data searching and operation is disclosed. A search table is provided which stores a copy of an entry that has been retrieved from a database to retrievably store a plurality of retrieved entries. Further, an address pointer table is provided which stores a list of retrieved entries which are linked from a leading one to a bottom one. A search processor can access a plurality of retrieved entries by referring to the list stored in the address pointer table so as to be consistent with a corresponding entry stored in the database when the corresponding entry has been updated.

Abstract: A packet switching apparatus includes a plurality of lower layer processing units, a table, and a processing unit. Each of the plurality of lower layer processing units carries out a process for a data link layer and a physical layer to a packet. The table stores flow data which includes a routing data and a search key. The processing unit searches the flow data from the table based on a search key of a routing packet received via one of the plurality of lower layer processing units, when the flow data for the search key of the routing packet is registered on the table. Also, the processing unit selectively transfers the routing packet to one of the plurality of lower layer processing units based on the routing data of the searched flow data.

Abstract: A searching system allowing high-speed data searching and operation is disclosed. A search table is provided which stores a copy of an entry that has been retrieved from a database to retrievably store a plurality of retrieved entries. Further, an address pointer table is provided which stores a list of retrieved entries which are linked from a leading one to a bottom one. A search processor can access a plurality of retrieved entries by referring to the list stored in the address pointer table so as to be consistent with a corresponding entry stored in the database when the corresponding entry has been updated.

Abstract: The motion vector detection circuit including a register group for storing each pixel data of a macro block which is obtained by dividing a frame picture to be coded into a plurality of macro blocks of m pixels by n lines and a register matrix of m×n arrangement having two-dimensional or one-dimensional structure for storing each pixel dada of a plurality of comparison target blocks of m pixels by n lines within a search range of a predetermined size set in a frame picture immediately preceding or succeeding in time the frame picture, compares a macro block in the register group and a comparison target block in the register matrix to specify a comparison target block most similar to the macro block as a current coding target, thereby conducting motion vector search.

Abstract: A user terminal is connected to an IP network through an access gateway, and service provider networks are connected to the IP network through an exchange router and border gateways. A group of servers store, for example, information about users, information about services, information about connection, and account information, and, in addition, perform user accounting and alternative account billing to the users. The exchange router converts a packet from the user terminal to the protocol/format on the service provider side and converts a packet from the service provider side to the protocol/format of the user terminal. By virtue of this construction, a network system and a packet data transmission method can be realized which unify connection between users and a plurality of service providers and unified management of business routine and accounting.

Abstract: Letting p be a definite integer, q be a varying integer from 1 to p, r be an arbitrary integer such that 1.ltoreq.r.ltoreq.p, and s be a varying integer from 2 to 2p+1, among a total of 2p+1 fan-like stages each having fan-out outputs thereof equalized to each other in load and number of associated fan-like stages, a respective 2q-th one comprises branch circuits each composed of one of a pair of logic gates, a 2r+1-th one comprises branch circuits each composed of a multi-input logic gate, a respective 2q-1-th one excepting the 2r+1-th one comprises branch circuits of which any one is composed of the other of the pair of logic gates, and a respective s-th one comprises branch circuits each respectively arranged within a cell layout region therefor and connected to an s+1-th stage at a vicinal location to a barycenter of the cell layout region to repeat a fan-out output of an s-1-th fan-like stage, as it is a clock signal distributed thereto.

Abstract: A speaker recognition system including a voiced sound detector for detecting a voiced sound sample from an input utterance of a speaker. A prefiltering circuit derives from the voiced sound sample a compensation parameter indicating a decaying characteristics of a high frequency component of the voiced sound sample and compensates for the voiced sound sample in accordance with the compensation parameter. An estimation circuit is provided for estimating a glottal excitation source pulse of the vocal tract system of the speaker from the compensated voiced sound sample. A glottal pulse-shape is simulated from the estimated glottal excitation source pulse using the compensation parameter detected by the prefiltering circuit. The simulated glottal pulse-shape is analyzed to determine vocal features of the speaker, and a decision is made whether the determined features coincide with reference features stored in a pattern memory.