Abstract: Disclosed are semiconductor devices, three-dimensional memory devices, and manufacturing methods thereof. A disclosed semiconductor device is a semiconductor device including a transistor, and the transistor may comprise a polycrystalline layer in which crystal grains are vertically oriented, a channel layer in contact with a side surface of the polycrystalline layer and having a structure in which crystal grains are vertically oriented, a source and a drain provided on a first portion and a second portion of the channel layer, respectively, and a gate for controlling an electrical characteristic of the channel layer. The polycrystalline layer may have a discontinuous structure between the source and the drain, the channel layer may have a continuous structure between the source and the drain, and grain boundaries of the channel layer may be arranged in a direction non-parallel to a channel length direction between the source and the drain.

Abstract: Proposed is a method for providing an emoticon input interface by a user terminal. The method may include displaying a first input interface for inputting an emoticon to be posted on a profile page of a user. The method may also include receiving a selection interaction of selecting a first emoticon to be posted on the profile page of the user via the first input interface, and displaying the selected first emoticon on the profile page of the user. The first input interface may include user custom information associated with emoticon historical information of the user. The user custom information may be identical to at least a part of user custom information for a second input interface for inputting an emoticon to be displayed in a chat message.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a display device may include an active layer, a gate electrode disposed on the active layer, a first insulating layer disposed on the gate electrode, entirely covering the gate electrode, and including a flat surface, and a second insulating layer disposed on the first insulating layer and including a flat surface, and the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer may include inorganic materials different from each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of evaluating a magneto-rheological rotating load device. In a method of evaluating a structural defect of a magneto-rheological rotating load device according to the present invention, the magneto-rheological rotating load device includes a housing, a shaft rotatably installed in the housing, one or more rotary rings connected to the shaft and configured to rotate in conjunction with a rotation of the shaft, a coil part disposed in the housing, and a magneto-rheological fluid with which at least a part in the housing is filled, and the method includes measuring whether a torque value, which is applied when the shaft and the rotary ring rotate, decreases from an initial set value within a predetermined range.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a display device, and more particularly, to a display device in which lateral leakage current between adjacent pixels can be reduced so that color mixing between the adjacent pixels can be prevented. According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a substrate, a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode disposed on the substrate, a first light-providing layer disposed on the first pixel electrode, a second light-providing layer disposed on the second pixel electrode, a common electrode disposed on the first light-providing layer and the second light-providing layer, and a current capture layer disposed between the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode in a plan view.

Abstract: Proposed is a method of preparing glucaric acid from glucose through TEMPO oxidation. The method of preparing glucaric acid includes (a) reacting glucose in a solvent through an oxidation reaction using 4-acetamido-TEMPO serving as a nitroxide radical-mediated organocatalyst, potassium bromide serving as a co-catalyst, and potassium hypochlorite serving as an oxidizing agent to prepare glucaric acid. The method can improve the conversion efficiency of glucose to glucaric acid through optimal conditions of the temperature, pH, and input of the oxidizing agent in an oxidation reaction using a TEMPO acid catalyst.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material includes a first positive electrode active material that includes a lithium nickel-manganese-based composite oxide having a nickel content of greater than or equal to about 60 mol % based on 100 mol % of a total metal excluding lithium in the first positive electrode active material and is in a form of secondary particles in which a plurality of primary particles are agglomerated, a second positive electrode active material in a form of single particles including a lithium nickel-manganese-based composite oxide having a nickel content of greater than or equal to about 60 mol % based on 100 mol % of a total metal excluding lithium in the second positive electrode active material, and a third positive electrode active material in a form of particles including lithium manganese-based oxide. In addition, a positive electrode and a rechargeable lithium battery each including the positive electrode active material are disclosed.

Abstract: Routing substrates, methods of manufacture, and electronic assemblies including routing substrates are described. In an embodiment, a routing substrate includes a plurality of metal routing layers, a plurality of dielectric layers including a top dielectric layer forming a topmost surface, and a cavity formed in the topmost surface. The cavity may include a bottom cavity surface, a first plurality of first surface mount (SMT) metal bumps embedded within the top dielectric layer and protruding from the topmost surface of the top dielectric layer, and a second plurality of second SMT metal bumps embedded within an intermediate dielectric layer of the plurality of dielectric layers and protruding from the bottom cavity surface.

Abstract: A display device including: a display panel containing pixels connected to a light emitting control line and a light emitting control driver including a light emitting control stage that provides a light emitting control signal to the pixels through the light emitting control line, wherein the light emitting control stage includes: a first light emitting control transistor including a first electrode connected to the light emitting control line, a gate electrode connected to a first light emitting control clock line, and a second electrode connected to a first node, a first power voltage line to which a first power voltage is applied; and a shielding pattern extending between the first light emitting control transistor and the first power voltage line and receiving a power voltage higher than the first power voltage.

Abstract: A display device includes a circuit layer including emission pixel drivers, and data lines transferring data signals of the emission pixel drivers; a data driver generating the data signals of the emission pixel drivers; and a demultiplexer circuit electrically connected between the data driver and the data lines and including a first demultiplexer transistor turned on by a first demultiplexer control signal and a second demultiplexer transistor turned on by a second demultiplexer control signal. A first data line of the data lines is electrically connected to the data driver through the first demultiplexer transistor and a transfer path shorter than a first extension length. A second data line of the data lines is electrically connected to the data driver through the second demultiplexer transistor and a transfer path longer than or equal to the first extension length.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material includes: a first positive electrode active material including a lithium nickel-manganese composite oxide having a nickel content of at least about 60 mol % based on a total metal excluding lithium and being in a form of secondary particles each including a plurality of primary particles; and a second positive electrode active material including a lithium nickel-manganese-based composite oxide having a nickel content of at least about 60 mol % based on a total metal excluding lithium and being in a form of single particles and a coating layer on the surface of the single particle and containing aluminum and yttrium, an aluminum content of the coating layer being about 0.1 mol % to about 2 mol % and an yttrium content of the coating layer being about 0.1 mol % to about 1 mol %, based on a total metal excluding lithium in the second positive electrode active material.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material, a method of preparing the same, a positive electrode and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same are provided. The positive electrode active material includes core particles including a lithium nickel-manganese-based composite oxide having a nickel content (e.g., amount) of greater than or equal to about 60 mol % based on 100 mol % of a total metal in the positive electrode active material excluding lithium, and a coating layer disposed on the surface of the core particles and including Al, Zr, and Mg.

Abstract: A computer-implemented system and method relate to natural language processing and knowledge representation and reasoning. A first dataset is created that includes input data and situational data. The situational data provides context for the input data. An encoder is configured to generate an encoded representation of the first dataset. The encoder includes at least an encoding network of a first pre-trained generative machine learning model, which relates to a generative knowledge graph. A decoder includes a decoding network of a second pre-trained generative machine learning model. The decoder is configured to generate response data based on the first dataset by decoding the encoded representation. The decoder is also configured to generate event-centric knowledge based on the first dataset by decoding the encoded representation. The input data and the response data are connected to the same event-centric knowledge via the generative knowledge graph.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provide systems, methods, and computer readable media for sub-cluster recovery in a data storage environment having a plurality of storage nodes. In a particular embodiment, the method provides scanning data items in the plurality of nodes. While scanning, the method further provides indexing the data items into an index of a plurality of partition groups. Each partition group includes data items owned by a particular one of the plurality of storage nodes. The method then provides storing the index.

Abstract: A device and method for providing recommended words for a character input by a user are provided. The method by which the device provides recommended words includes: receiving an input for inputting a character in a character input window; recommending at least one pseudo-morpheme including the input character by analyzing the input character; recommending at least one extended word including a selected pseudo-morpheme in response to receiving an input for selecting one of the at least one pseudo-morpheme; and displaying a selected extended word in response to receiving an input for selecting one of the at least one extended word.

Abstract: A method of preparing a secondary battery which includes pre-lithiating an electrode assembly which includes an electrode structure including a plurality of electrodes and a plurality of separators, and a metal substrate. The plurality of electrodes and the plurality of separators are alternatingly stacked. The metal substrate is present on an outermost surface of the electrode structure in a direction in which the electrode and the separator are stacked. Each positive electrode and negative electrode are spaced apart from each other with one separator of the plurality of separators disposed therebetween. The pre-lithiating includes applying a first current by electrically connecting one of the plurality of positive electrodes and one of the plurality of negative electrodes, and applying a second current by electrically connecting the metal substrate and one of the plurality of positive electrodes, after applying the first current.

Abstract: A optical measurement apparatus includes: an optical system which generates a pupil image of a measurement target, using light; a polarization generator which generates a polarized light from the light; a self-interference generator which generates a plurality of beams divided from the pupil image, using the polarized light, and causes the plurality of beams to interfere with each other to generate a self-interference image; and an image analysis unit configured to extract phase data from the self-interference image, and to move the measurement target to a focus position on the basis of the phase data.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a storage device may include a memory device, and a memory controller configured to receive a read command from an external host and control the memory device according to the read command, wherein the read command may include a basic header segment commonly included in commands transferred between the external host and the memory controller and including information indicating that the read command is a command for requesting data stored in the memory device, a transaction specific field including information indicating that the read command is a read command for at least two or more logical addresses, and an extra header segment including information on the at least two or more logical addresses.

Abstract: A method of accelerating training of a low-power, high-performance artificial neural network (ANN) includes (a) performing fine-grained pruning and coarse-grained pruning to generate sparsity in weights by a pruning unit in a convolution core of a cluster in a lower-power, high-performance ANN trainer; (b) selecting and performing dual zero skipping according to input sparsity, output sparsity, and the sparsity of weights by the convolution core, and (c) restricting access to a weight memory during training by allowing a deep neural network (DNN) computation core and a weight pruning core to share weights retrieved from a memory by the convolution core.

Abstract: A system for controlling knob operating ranges in a vehicle mode conversion, and a method therefor are provided. The system includes: an input interface to receive input information related to a vehicle driving mode; a memory to store instructions of a program for controlling an operating range of a knob based on the input information; and a processor electrically connected to the memory. The processor, upon execution of the instructions of the program, transmits a control command to vary the operating range of the knob allocated to an area of an in-vehicle display, based on the input information for detachment of a passenger seat entertainment display and conversion to an autonomous driving mode.