Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for producing a microchannel device, which can form a channel that has high hydrophobicity, high solvent resistance as well, and also resistance to heat and damage, on demand with high accuracy, and produces the microchannel device at a low cost, while having high productivity. The method for producing a microchannel device includes: forming a channel pattern from a hydrophobic resin on a porous substrate by an electrophotographic method; melting the channel pattern by heat to allow the channel pattern to permeate into the porous substrate, thereby forming a channel in the inside of the porous substrate.

Abstract: A laser apparatus includes: a laser unit including a light source unit configured to change a frequency of laser light to be output; and a monitor unit configured to acquire a monitor value corresponding to a frequency equivalent amount corresponding to the frequency of the laser light; and a control unit configured to control the frequency of the laser light by supplying a control amount to the laser unit. The monitor unit at least includes: a first frequency filter and a second frequency filter; a first detection unit; and a second detection unit. The control unit is configured to acquire a target frequency, acquire a first ratio and a second ratio, set, as a monitor value corresponding to the frequency of the laser light, one of the first ratio, the second ratio, a third ratio, acquire a target value, and control the control amount.

Abstract: It is possible to provide a microchannel device with excellent resistance to bending and suppressed deterioration in inspection accuracy. A microchannel device has a channel sandwiched between channel walls formed in an inside a porous substrate, the channel wall contains a thermoplastic resin and a wax, and a proportion of the wax in an area of a surface side of the channel wall facing the channel is higher than a proportion of the wax inside the channel wall.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a microchannel device that has a channel sandwiched between channel walls formed in an inside of a porous substrate, wherein the channel wall contains a thermoplastic resin and a colorant, and wherein an abundance ratio of the colorant is higher in the porous substrate surface area of the channel wall than in an internal area of the channel wall. In the configuration of the present disclosure, since more of the colorant exist on the surface side of the porous substrate in the channel wall, the visibility of the channel is increased, and in addition, since the amount of the colorant in the internal portion of the channel wall is small, the elution of the ions contained in the colorant into the specimen is suppressed, and the measurement accuracy is increased.

Abstract: A driving support system uses information related to objects acquired by a sensor disposed external to a subject vehicle and position information of the subject vehicle to calculate information related to objects in a periphery of the subject vehicle, and provides a warning, position information or distance information to an autonomous driving control unit or a driver of the subject vehicle. A road side information processing unit or a vehicle control unit calculates vehicle periphery information related to objects in the periphery of the subject vehicle, using the information related to objects acquired from the sensor and the position of the subject vehicle detected by the first position detection unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for producing a microchannel device, which can form a channel that has high hydrophobicity, high solvent resistance as well, and also resistance to heat and damage, on demand with high accuracy, and produces the microchannel device at a low cost, while having high productivity. The method for producing a microchannel device includes: forming a channel pattern from a hydrophobic resin on a porous substrate by an electrophotographic method; melting the channel pattern by heat to allow the channel pattern to permeate into the porous substrate, thereby forming a channel in the inside of the porous substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a microchannel device, which has high hydrophobicity, high mechanical strength, and safety and also has high solvent resistance, and thus has wider applicability. The microchannel device includes a porous substrate having formed therein channel walls each containing a cyclic olefin copolymer that is a copolymer of an alkene and a cyclic olefin.

Abstract: A load lock device includes a load lock chamber, and a substrate holding structure configured to hold a substrate in the load lock chamber, wherein the substrate holding structure includes a facing surface facing the substrate, and is configured to allow a gas to flow through a space between the substrate and the facing surface, and in a state in which the substrate is held by the substrate holding structure, a distance between the substrate and a portion located inside an outer edge of the facing surface is larger than a distance between the substrate and the outer edge of the facing surface.

Abstract: A load lock device includes a load lock chamber including a first conveyance port connected to a transfer chamber connected to a reduced-pressure processing device, and a second conveyance port connected to a loader chamber; a substrate holder configured to hold a substrate in the load lock chamber; a driving mechanism arranged below the load lock chamber to move the substrate holder up and down and connected to the substrate holder via a connecting member; an extension chamber extended from a lower portion of the load lock chamber to a side; and a pump arranged below the extension chamber and configured to discharge a gas in the load lock chamber via the extension chamber. The extension chamber includes a bottom surface with an opening at a position deviated from a vertically lower position of the substrate holder, and the pump is connected to the opening.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable photosensitive member. A charging member charges a surface of the photosensitive member. A developing roller carries developer. The developing roller supplies the developer in normal polarity to the surface of the photosensitive member. A regulating member regulates the developer on the developing roller. A common voltage applying unit applies charging voltage and regulating voltage. The regulating voltage is applied with the developing roller rotating such that a potential difference in a direction in which electrostatic force from the regulating member to the developing roller acts on the developer charged in the normal polarity, is formed between the regulating member and the developing roller, and in which the charging voltage to be applied in a non-image-forming period is controlled so as to be smaller in absolute value than in an image-forming period.

Abstract: When a new development device is mounted, a control unit of an image forming apparatus identifies a development device type. When an identification result corresponds to a first development device containing a first amount of developer, an agitation member operates in a first mode. When the identification result corresponds to a second development device containing a second amount of developer higher than the first amount, the agitation member operates in a second mode. A second operation amount of the agitation member in the second mode is higher than a first operation amount of the agitation member in the first mode. A developer containing chamber of the development device is provided with a discharge opening from which the developer is discharged. The operations in the first and second modes are performed after a sealing member sealing the discharge opening is removed and also before a normal image forming process is executed.

Abstract: To detect an object present in the vicinity.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus using a contact charging method includes a control unit capable of executing cleaning in a post-rotation step at the end of a job and in an inter-image step during execution of the job. The cleaning involves moving toner adhering to a charging member from the charging member to an image bearing member. The job is a series of operations started by a predetermined start instruction and involving forming an image on one or more recording materials and outputting the one or more recording materials. When an instruction to start the next job is input during execution of cleaning in the post-rotation step, the control unit stops the cleaning in the middle of the execution, starts the next job, and adjusts timing for executing subsequent cleaning on the basis of information relating to the amount of cleaning executed before being stopped in the middle of the execution.

Abstract: A process cartridge includes a developer carrier including a dielectric portion and a conductive portion on a surface thereof, a regulation member, and an image carrier disposed so as to come into contact with the developer carrier. The developer carrier and the image carrier are rotationally driven such that a surface of the developer carrier and a surface of the image carrier move at linear velocities different from each other at a contact portion, and the developer remaining on the image carrier after the developer image is transferred from the image carrier, is collected by the developer carrier at the contact portion.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable photosensitive member. A charging member charges a surface of the photosensitive member. A developing roller carries developer. The developing roller supplies the developer in normal polarity to the surface of the photosensitive member. A regulating member regulates the developer on the developing roller. A common voltage applying unit applies charging voltage and regulating voltage. The regulating voltage is applied with the developing roller rotating such that a potential difference in a direction in which electrostatic force from the regulating member to the developing roller acts on the developer charged in the normal polarity, is formed between the regulating member and the developing roller, and in which the charging voltage to be applied in a non-image-forming period is controlled so as to be smaller in absolute value than in an image-forming period.

Abstract: A roller for use with an image fixing device for fixing an image on a recording material includes a core metal, and an elastic layer provided around the core metal. In the elastic layer, a filler bundle including a plurality of fiber-like fillers is dispersed.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus which includes a plurality of image forming units each including an image bearing member, a contact charging member, and a developer bearing member for forming toner of normal polarity, and which, in a printing operation, applies a charging bias having a first direction, in a cleaning operation, applies a charging bias having a second direction, and recovers residual toner remaining on the image bearing member which was not used for printing by the developer bearing member, before performing the cleaning operation, when successively performing the printing operation on a plurality of recording materials including a first recording material and a second recording material, which is used for printing following the first recording material, the charging voltage larger in absolute value in the printing operation for the second recording material than in the printing operation for the first recording material is applied.

Abstract: A process cartridge includes a developer carrier including a dielectric portion and a conductive portion on a surface thereof, a regulation member, and an image carrier disposed so as to come into contact with the developer carrier. The developer carrier and the image carrier are rotationally driven such that a surface of the developer carrier and a surface of the image carrier move at linear velocities different from each other at a contact portion, and the developer remaining on the image carrier after the developer image is transferred from the image carrier, is collected by the developer carrier at the contact portion.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes image forming units each of which includes an image bearing member, a contact charging member, and a developer bearing member of a toner, applies a charging bias in a direction in which the toner moves from the image bearing member to the charging member in an image forming period, and applied a charging bias of an opposite polarity relative to that in the image formation in a cleaning period, and collects the toner by the developer bearing member. In consecutive image formation, a charging bias in the image forming period is applied in a first interval period and which is between first and second image forming periods and a second interval period which is between second and third image forming periods. An absolute value of a charging bias applied in the second interval period is larger than that applied in the first interval period.

Abstract: Provided is a pressure roller for an image heating device that forms a nip part together with a heating member, the pressure roller including at least a mandrel, a first elastic layer, and a second elastic layer provided between the mandrel and the first elastic layer, wherein the first elastic layer has open-cell voids, is made of rubber, and has a thickness of at least 50 ?m and less than 500 ?m, and the second elastic layer is made of solid rubber.