Abstract: An ammonia manufacturing apparatus of an embodiment includes: an electrochemical reaction cell including: a first reaction tank in which a reduction electrode is arranged and gaseous nitrogen is supplied; a second reaction tank in which an oxidation electrode is arranged and an electrolytic solution containing water or water vapor is supplied; and a diaphragm provided between the first reaction tank and the second reaction tank. In the ammonia manufacturing apparatus of the embodiment, the reduction electrode includes a reduction catalyst that reduces nitrogen to produce ammonia, a porous carbon material that supports the reduction catalyst, and an organic polymer material that binds the porous carbon material. The porous carbon material has pores with a BET average pore size of 1 nm or more and 15 nm or less.

Abstract: Provided is a nonvolatile memory device that makes it possible to achieve high performance. The nonvolatile memory device includes a first electrode, a memory material layer, a second electrode, and a first buffer layer. The memory material layer includes a first element and is provided on the first electrode. The second electrode is provided on the memory material layer. The first buffer layer is provided between the memory material layer and the second electrode. In the first buffer layer, a segregation of the first element is smaller than a segregation of the first element in the second electrode.

Abstract: A communication system includes a master device, a slave device, and a relay device. The relay device includes a time synchronization management unit that stores retention time of a first time-synchronization frame sent from the master device, adds the first-time-synchronization-frame retention time to a correction field when a second time-synchronization frame sent from the master device is relayed, stores retention time of a third time-synchronization frame sent from the slave device, and adds the third-time-synchronization-frame retention time to a correction field when a fourth time-synchronization frame sent from the master device is relayed.

Abstract: A controller for controlling transfer of communication data performed by a first communication apparatus includes: a flow-bearer conversion table in which identification information on the first communication apparatus and transfer operation information are registered in association with each other, the transfer operation information indicating details of transfer processing of communication data in the first communication apparatus; a session management unit extracting the identification information on the first communication apparatus and resource information from control data received from a second communication apparatus, the resource information being allocated by the second communication apparatus to a wireless terminal; and a table control unit registering, in the flow-bearer conversion table, the identification information on the first communication apparatus and the transfer operation information in association with each other, the identification information on the first communication apparatus being

Abstract: A network control device for generating a slice by dividing a network and allocating communication resources to the slice, the slice being a virtual network, the network control device including: a processor; and a memory to store a program which, when executed by the processor, performs processes of: obtaining and holding resource information from a network device included in the network, the resource information including information on a maximum usage rate of communication resources allocated to a previously generated slice in at least one predetermined period; and determining, upon receiving a request for generating a new slice, whether or not the requested slice can be generated on the basis of the resource information held, wherein the resource information includes information on a maximum usage rate of communication resources, which are allocated to the previously generated slice, depending on a request delay concerning the slice in the predetermined period.

Abstract: A transfer device according to the present invention is a switching device that is one of transfer devices forming a network, and includes: a link state database that holds topology information of the network, and priority of the transfer device and priorities of other transfer devices forming the network to be used in path computation; a shortest path calculating unit that calculates a shortest path from a first switching device to a second switching device among the transfer devices forming the network on the basis of the topology information; and a priority adjusting unit that adjusts the priority of the transfer device on the basis of the shortest path calculated by the shortest path calculating unit and the priority of the transfer device and the priorities of the other transfer devices, wherein the priority adjusting unit adjusts the priority of the transfer device so that the number of overlaps with priority of another transfer device that is included with the transfer device in a shortest path from on

Abstract: A transfer device according to the present invention is a switching device that is one of transfer devices forming a network, and includes: a link state database that holds topology information of the network, and priority of the transfer device and priorities of other transfer devices forming the network to be used in path computation; a shortest path calculating unit that calculates a shortest path from a first switching device to a second switching device among the transfer devices forming the network on the basis of the topology information; and a priority adjusting unit that adjusts the priority of the transfer device on the basis of the shortest path calculated by the shortest path calculating unit and the priority of the transfer device and the priorities of the other transfer devices, wherein the priority adjusting unit adjusts the priority of the transfer device so that the number of overlaps with priority of another transfer device that is included with the transfer device in a shortest path from on

Abstract: A time synchronization method for a communication system configured to perform protection switching, the communication system including a first network in which a master station and a slave station are connected via plural physical lines including a working line and a backup line and a second network connected to the slave station, the method including a time synchronization in which the slave station executes, when not detecting a communication failure of a downlink signal transmitted from the master station, synchronization processing for synchronizing, based on a clock of the slave station and timing information, time information transmitted to the second network with time information included in a time synchronization command and suppresses, when detecting a communication failure or receiving a switching notification from the master station apparatus, a synchronization error due to a difference between the clock of the slave station and the timing information.

Abstract: A communication apparatus (a slave) that performs time synchronization with a master apparatus on the basis of a time synchronization message transmitted from the master apparatus (a master) at a fixed cycle. The communication apparatus (the slave) includes a CPU that stores, in a transmission request message for requesting transmission of the time synchronization message, a requesting transmission rate, and transmits the transmission request message to the communication apparatus (the master).

Abstract: A relay device that relays communication between a low-speed communication device performing uplink 1 G transfer and a high-speed communication device performing uplink 10 G transfer and a station-side optical communication device, wherein the relay device includes a low-speed reception unit that converts an optical signal received from the low-speed communication device to an electric signal, a buffer that buffers the electric signal, and a high-speed transmission unit that transmits, to the station-side optical communication device, a bandwidth allocation request requesting bandwidth allocation for communication from its own unit to the station-side optical communication device, and within a transmission permitted time period allocated by the station-side optical communication device, reads an electric signal stored in the buffer, converts the electric signal to an optical signal having a communication speed of 10 G, and transmits the optical signal.

Abstract: A communication apparatus (a slave) that performs time synchronization with a master apparatus on the basis of a time synchronization message transmitted from the master apparatus (a master) at a fixed cycle. The communication apparatus (the slave) includes a CPU that stores, in a transmission request message for requesting transmission of the time synchronization message, a requesting transmission rate, and transmits the transmission request message to the communication apparatus (the master).

Abstract: An ONU includes a CDR that regenerates a clock based on a signal from an OLT, an oscillator that generates an internal clock, a time stamp counter that manages a time of the ONU based on the clock in a period in which the CDR regenerates the clock and manages the time of the ONU based on the internal clock in a period in which the CDR does not regenerate the clock, an MPCP control unit that decides, when a Cyclic Sleep mode is set, a receiver-time synchronization time that is a period in which the receiver is normally operated within a sleep time, based on a difference between a time stamp value included in the signal transmitted from the OLT and a time stamp managed by the time stamp counter, and a power-saving control unit that controls the receiver to be normally operated in the receiver-time synchronization time.

Abstract: An ONU includes a CDR that regenerates a clock based on a signal from an OLT, an oscillator that generates an internal clock, a time stamp counter that manages a time of the ONU based on the clock in a period in which the CDR regenerates the clock and manages the time of the ONU based on the internal clock in a period in which the CDR does not regenerate the clock, an MPCP control unit that decides, when a Cyclic Sleep mode is set, a receiver-time synchronization time that is a period in which the receiver is normally operated within a sleep time, based on a difference between a time stamp value included in the signal transmitted from the OLT and a time stamp managed by the time stamp counter, and a power-saving control unit that controls the receiver to be normally operated in the receiver-time synchronization time.

Abstract: A time synchronization method for a communication system configured to perform protection switching, the communication system including a first network in which a master station and a slave station are connected via plural physical lines including a working line and a backup line and a second network connected to the slave station, the method including a time synchronization in which the slave station executes, when not detecting a communication failure of a downlink signal transmitted from the master station, synchronization processing for synchronizing, based on a clock of the slave station and timing information, time information transmitted to the second network with time information included in a time synchronization command and suppresses, when detecting a communication failure or receiving a switching notification from the master station apparatus, a synchronization error due to a difference between the clock of the slave station and the timing information.

Abstract: A relay device that relays communication between a low-speed communication device performing uplink 1 G transfer and a high-speed communication device performing uplink 10 G transfer and a station-side optical communication device, wherein the relay device includes a low-speed reception unit that converts an optical signal received from the low-speed communication device to an electric signal, a buffer that buffers the electric signal, and a high-speed transmission unit that transmits, to the station-side optical communication device, a bandwidth allocation request requesting bandwidth allocation for communication from its own unit to the station-side optical communication device, and within a transmission permitted time period allocated by the station-side optical communication device, reads an electric signal stored in the buffer, converts the electric signal to an optical signal having a communication speed of 10 G, and transmits the optical signal.

Abstract: A method for activating prothrombin to thrombin is presented which comprises treating an aqueous solution containing prothrombin with polyethylene glycol in the presence or absence of the calcium salt. The method enables conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in the absence of thromboplastin and allows for preparation of thrombin on an industrially large scale from easily available starting materials.