Abstract: This disclosure discloses a surgical system that includes, for example, a patient-side cart (also referred to as a surgical robot) and a console apparatus. The patient-side cart includes an endoscope apparatus that includes three or more endoscope arms. The console apparatus manipulates the patient-side cart. In the endoscope apparatus, for example, feature points of respective images obtained by respective imaging devices of the three or more endoscopes are used to join the respective images together to generate a composite image, and the composite image is displayed on a display screen. The composite image generated from the images in three visual fields to be provided to an operator ensures providing an image in a wide range, and allows the operator to confirm various sites by a visual check during surgery (ensuring an endoscopic surgery while having a large visual field as in a laparotomy) (FIG. 1).

Abstract: An optical anti-reflection coating having multiple layers, where at least some of the layers are formed by a dry coating process and other layers are formed by a wet coating process. This combination of different types of anti-reflection layers provides superior performance in terms of low reflectance over a wide bandwidth of incident light wavelengths, and also low reflectance over a wide range of incident light angles. This is accomplished using fewer layers than would be needed using all dry process layers in the ARC. Alternatively, one may obtain an ARC having performance equivalent to that of an all dry process layer ARC but using fewer layers by using the combination of a wet process and a dry process. Furthermore, this combination of wet process and dry process layers provides a high performance anti-reflection coating which cannot be fabricated using only a dry process.

Abstract: An optical illumination device reflects and condenses light from a mercury-arc lamp by a light reflecting and condensing member and then reflects and deflects the light, thereafter the reflected and deflected light is transferred to a relay-lens system through a collimator lens or input lens, band-pass filter and fly-eye lens. Gas from which impurities are removed by a filter is flown around optical elements to separate the optical elements from air containing material causing clouding of the optical elements to thereby restrain clouding of the optical elements. On the other hand, or in addition, the reflectance of the light reflecting and condensing member and/or miller for the light of the absorption band of sulfur dioxide is made small to prevent the optical elements from clouding.

Abstract: A light source device houses a lamp such as a mercury discharge tube for generating a high temperature heat, and a reflective optical member such as an elliptic, mirror surrounding the lamp, in a lamp case. When the lamp is forcibly cooled by air, a device for substantially uniformly heating or heat-insulating a reflection surface of the reflective optical member is provided to prevent overcooling of the reflective optical member.