Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a semiconductor device exhibiting the improved emission efficiency by reducing a strain between a p-contact layer and a transparent electrode. A transparent electrode made of IZO (Zinc-doped Indium Oxide) was formed on a p-type contact layer by vapor deposition or sputtering. Subsequently, a p-type cladding layer and a p-type contact layer were p-type activated and a transparent electrode was crystallized by indirect resistance heating. This heat treatment was performed under a reduced pressure at a temperature of 700° C. Next, microwave heating was performed for three to thirty minutes at a temperature of 100° C. to 350° C. by microwave irradiation with a frequency of 5.8 GHz in a nitrogen atmosphere. This reduced a strain of the transparent electrode, and improved the conductivity or translucency of the transparent electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a semiconductor device exhibiting the improved emission efficiency by reducing a strain between a p-contact layer and a transparent electrode. A transparent electrode made of IZO (Zinc-doped Indium Oxide) was formed on a p-type contact layer by vapor deposition or sputtering. Subsequently, a p-type cladding layer and a p-type contact layer were p-type activated and a transparent electrode was crystallized by indirect resistance heating. This heat treatment was performed under a reduced pressure at a temperature of 700° C. Next, microwave heating was performed for three to thirty minutes at a temperature of 100° C. to 350° C. by microwave irradiation with a frequency of 5.8 GHz in a nitrogen atmosphere. This reduced a strain of the transparent electrode, and improved the conductivity or translucency of the transparent electrode.

Abstract: Linear notch patterns at fixed intervals are formed by contacting blades 6a on a drum 6 with a film F and mechanically transferring the shape of the blades 6a to the film F. The notch pattern is formed to be approximately parallel to the axial direction of the drum 6. When a flexural stress is applied in the direction of the film F transport by passing the film over the bending roll 8 while applying a predetermined tension thereto, crazes or cracks are formed inside the notch patterns, with the notches in the notch patterns serving as starting points thereof. Since crazes or cracks are formed using the notch patterns as starting points, relatively large crazes or cracks can be obtained, and optical characteristics can be controlled at a high level.

Abstract: A composition containing a nanosubstance is provided. Since the composition includes a nanosubstance (a), a (meth)acrylate compound (b) including a polar group, and a solvent (c)/polymerizable monomer (i-1), it is capable of being dispersed or solubilized in various solvents such as organic solvents, hydrous organic solvents and in polymerizable monomers without impairing characteristics of the nanosubstance itself wherein the nanosubstance neither separates out nor aggregates during a long-term storage, the composition being excellent in conductivity, film-forming property and moldability and capable of applying to or coating a substrate by a simple method. A coated film or cured film of a composite formed by the composition on at least one surface of the substrate shows high transparency, and the composite is excellent in water resistance, weatherability and hardness.

Abstract: [Purpose] To provide a light regulating film and a laminated light regulating film with relatively large crazes or cracks, capable of controlling optical properties such as transmissivity and scattering to a high degree, as well as a method for producing a light regulating film and a method for producing a laminated light regulating film. [Constitution] Linear notch patterns at fixed intervals are formed by contacting blades 6a on a drum 6 with a film F and mechanically transferring the shape of the blades 6a to the film F. The notch pattern is formed to be approximately parallel to the axial direction of the drum 6. When a flexural stress is applied in the direction of the film F transport by passing the film over the bending roll 8 while applying a predetermined tension thereto, crazes or cracks are formed inside the notch patterns, with the notches in the notch patterns serving as starting points thereof.

Abstract: A multilayered acrylic polymer comprising an innermost layer polymer (A) formed from a C1-4 alkyl methacrylate, a C1-8 alkyl acrylate, etc., an intermediate layer polymer (B) formed from a C1-8 alkyl acrylate, an aromatic vinyl monomer, etc., and an outermost layer polymer (C) formed from a C1-4 alkyl methacrylate, a C1-8 alkyl acrylate, etc., and wherein the average value of the coating ratio, i.e. [(minimum thickness of the intermediate layer)÷(maximum thickness of the intermediate layer)]×100, is not less than 30%; and a methacrylic resin composition containing the same. This multilayered acrylic polymer can improve the falling-ball or falling-weight impact strength, resistance to impact whitening, transparency and other properties of the methacrylic resin composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to; resin molded articles having on one side of the resin substrate thereof, such as polycarbonate, a scuff resistant organic hard coat layer and on the other surface of the substrate an antifogging organic hard coat layer; resin shaped articles such as into helmet shields, goggles, and the like, in which the organic hard coat layer will not peel off the substrate when molded into a curve-shaped article having a radius of curvature of 50 mm or less and which will cause no optical distortions; a process for the manufacture thereof; and the covering materials for forming each hard coat layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a transparent plastic sheet obtained by co-polymerizing 100 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate with 0.1 to 2.0 parts by weight of methacrylic acid and 0.1 to 1.5 parts by weight of glycidyl methacrylate, and having a thickness of not greater than 4 inches, wherein the angular deviation satisfies specified conditions according to the thickness of the sheet and wherein the degree of swelling is not greater than 2.50. This transparent plastic sheet shows neither coloring nor sink marks on the surface, has excellent craze resistance and low long-term water absorption percentage, and is hence suitable for use as an aircraft windshield.

Abstract: Acrylic multilayer polymer powders containing coagulated powders of emulsified latexes of acrylic multilayer polymers, which are suitable for drying methods using pressure dehydration extruders, etc, comprises not more than 40 wt % of a fine powder of a particle size of 212 .mu.m or less after drying, and have a volume of gaps of a pore size of 5 .mu.m or less after drying of not more than 0.7 cc per unit weight as measured by a mercurial pressure method. A desired monomer is subjected to emulsion polymerization to produce an emulsified latex of an acrylic multilayer polymer, which is then poured into a coagulating solution for coagulation.

Abstract: An optically active compound represented by the formula: ##STR1##

Abstract: Disclosed is an optically active substance represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein m is an integer of 1 to 14, Y is ##STR2## R is --C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1, --OC.sub.n H.sub.2n+1, --OCOC.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 or --COOC.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 (in which n is an integer of 1 to 18), each of the asterisked carbon atoms is an asymmetric carbon atom, X a single bond, --CO.sub.2 --, or --OCO--, and A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, cyano or methoxy.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optically active compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## or a single bond, Z stands for a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a cyano group, R.sub.1 stands for an alkyl group or fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 stands for an alkyl group or alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and *C stands for the asymmetric carbon atom. This compound is used as a ferroelectric liquid crystal or an additive to a ferroelectric liquid crystal.

Abstract: An optically active compound having a .delta.-valerolactone ring which is a ferroelectric liquid crystal and is represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein m is an integer of from 1 to 8, Z is a group represented by the following formula: ##STR2## in which each of l and k is a number of 1 or 2 and l and k satisfy the requirement of 2.ltoreq.(l+k).ltoreq.3,X stands for a direct bond, ##STR3## Y stands for ##STR4## and A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 independently stand for --H, --F or --Cl, ##STR5## R stands for ##STR6## in which n is an integer of from 1 to 18, and * indicates the asymmetric carbon atom.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mesomorphic compound having a .beta.-hydroxycarboxyl group as the chiral source, which is represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein m and n are integers of from 1 to 18, X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 independently represent fluorine, chlorine or hydrogen, Y represents ##STR2## or --O--, Z represents a direct bond, ##STR3## --CH hd 2O-- or --OCH.sub.2 --, and * indicates the asymmetric carbon. The mesomorphic compound is valuable as a ferroelectric liquid crystal or an additive to a ferroelectric liquid crystal or to a compound showing the SmC phase and having no chiral group.

Abstract: Disclosed is an .alpha.-methylcinnamic acid ester derivative represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of from 5 to 18, R.sub.1 represents an optically active group of the formula ##STR2## in which m is an integer of from 1 to 5 and *C represents an asymmetric carbon atom, and R.sub.2 represents ##STR3##The .alpha.-methylcinnamic acid ester derivative is valuable as a ferroelectric liquid crystal or an additive to a ferroelectric liquid crystal.

Abstract: This invention provides novel thermosetting preform having superior transparency which is composed of the resin produced by partially polymerizing the mixture of (A) 4 to 30 wt % of at least one vinyl monomer containing carboxyl group, (B) 4 to 96 wt % of at least one vinyl monomer containing glycidyl group, and (C) up to 92 wt % of at least one copolymerizable monomer, said preform being characterized in that the amount of unreacted monomer remaining therein is less than 20 wt % and the glass transition temperature range is 120.degree. C. or lower. This invention also provides a method of production of a highly transparent molded article with high productivity which is superior in heat resistance and in chemical resistance by heating and molding said preform.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable resin composition is described which comprises, (a) 40 to 85 wt. %, based on the composition, of a thermoplastic polymer binder, (b) 15 to 60 wt. %, based on the composition, of a cross-linkable monomer having at least one ethylenically unsaturation, (c) 0.5 to 10 wt. %, based on the total of the binder (a) and the monomer (b), of a photopolymerization initiator, and (d) 0.005 to 1 wt. %, based on the total of the binder (a) and the monomer (b), of a tetrazole compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H, halogen, methyl, ethyl, phenyl, carboxyl, amino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, methoxy, ethoxy, mercapto or sulfonic acid; and R.sub.2 is H, methyl, ethyl, phenyl, amino or mercapto. The photopolymerization resin composition exhibits an enhanced adhesion to a metal surface, and is useful as a photoresist for fabrication of a printed circuit board.

Abstract: An improved image-transmitting synthetic resin rod comprising a reaction product of an acrylic resin .circle.1 containing epoxy groups with a material .circle.2 having a refractive index 0.15-0.35 lower than that of said acrylic resin .circle.1 , and distributed in said rod so as to satisfy equation (1):n.sub.r.sup.2 =n.sub.a.sup.2 [1-(gr).sup.2 +h.sub.4 (gr).sup.4 +h.sub.6 (gr).sup.6 ] (1)0.03.ltoreq.gr.sub.0 .ltoreq.0.45.vertline.h.sub.4 -2/3.vertline..ltoreq.100.vertline.h.sub.6 +17/45.vertline..ltoreq.1,000wherein r is the radial distance from the center axis of the rod (0.ltoreq.r.ltoreq.r.sub.0),r.sub.0 is the radius of the rod,n.sub.r is the refractive index at point r,n.sub.a is the refractive index at the center of the rod,g is the distribution constant of the refractive index, andh.sub.4 and h.sub.6 are high order coefficients,and a process for producing the same.

Abstract: Photo, electron beam and x-ray sensitive resins are comprised of a 2-alkylglycidyl methacrylate homopolymer or a copolymer containing at least 50 mol % of alkylglycidyl methacrylate. The resins have excellent resolving power and sensitivity and are useful for negative type resists.

Abstract: A novel aromatic polyamide crystalline complex capable of being molded at low temperatures is produced by contacting an aromatic polyamide in which at least 75 mol % of repeating unit comprises m-phenyleneisophthalamide with at least one member selected from the group consisting of hexamethylphosphoric amide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, .epsilon.-caprolactam and 2-pyrrolidone to form a crystalline complex and then removing the hexamethylphosphoric amide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, .epsilon.-caprolactam and 2-pyrrolidone which are not contained in the crystal.