Abstract: A data processing device configured to: detect magnitude of correlate on of a continuous variable pair included in a plurality of continuous variables based on information regarding a first evaluation function that includes the plurality of continuous variables obtained by formulating a combinatorial optimization problem, allocate a larger number of common binary variables to the continuous variable pair as the correlation is larger at a time of allocating a binary variable to each of the plurality of continuous variables, generate correspondence information that indicates a correspondence relationship between each of the plurality of continuous variables and the binary variable, convert the first evaluation function into a second evaluation function that includes a plurality of binary variables, the second evaluation function being Ising-type, set coefficient information of the second evaluation function, and search for a solution to the combinatorial optimization problem using the second evaluation function

Abstract: The present invention provides a simpler method for sharpening a tip of an emitter. In addition, the present invention provides an emitter including a nanoneedle made of a single crystal material, an emitter including a nanowire made of a single crystal material such as hafnium carbide (HfC), both of which stably emit electrons with high efficiency, and an electron gun and an electronic device using any one of these emitters. A method for manufacturing the emitter according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises processing a single crystal material in a vacuum using a focused ion beam to form an end of the single crystal material, through which electrons are to be emitted, into a tapered shape, wherein the processing is performed in an environment in which a periphery of the single crystal material fixed to a support is opened.

Abstract: A program for causing a computer to execute processing that searches for a combination of a plurality of state variable values with which a value of an evaluation function is minimized or maximized by a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, the processing including: reading time-series data from a storage device storing the time-series data indicating a time change of the value of the evaluation function at a time of a search by the MCMC method that uses a first temperature; generating a plurality of time-series data sets that includes the value of the evaluation function for each period on a basis of the time-series data; calculating an index value based on magnitude of correlation between each of the plurality of time-series data sets; and determining a second temperature to be used for the search based on the index value.

Abstract: An optimization apparatus includes: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to (a): execute transformation processing that includes transforming an input first cost function to a second cost function by using at least any one of “Legendre transformation,” “Lagrange function,” and “Wolfe's duality theorem,” (b): execute binary expansion processing that includes acquiring values in an Ising format by carrying out binary expansion for values relating to coefficients of the second cost function, (c): execute Ising machine processing that includes seeking values that represent a ground state regarding the values in the Ising format relating to the coefficients of the second cost function, and (d): execute reverse binary expansion processing that includes acquiring values that minimize the first cost function by carrying out reverse binary expansion for the sought values that represent the ground state.

Abstract: An optimization apparatus includes: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to (a): execute transformation processing that includes transforming an input first cost function to a second cost function by using at least any one of “Legendre transformation,” “Lagrange function,” and “Wolfe's duality theorem,” (b): execute binary expansion processing that includes acquiring values in an Ising format by carrying out binary expansion for values relating to coefficients of the second cost function, (c): execute Ising machine processing that includes seeking values that represent a ground state regarding the values in the Ising format relating to the coefficients of the second cost function, and (d): execute reverse binary expansion processing that includes acquiring values that minimize the first cost function by carrying out reverse binary expansion for the sought values that represent the ground state.

Abstract: A welding torch 30 has a first tip body 32, a pressurization shaft 43, and a second tip body 50 detachably connected to a distal end of the first tip body 32. A power supply tip 54 is accommodated in an accommodation hole 51 of the second tip body 50. The power supply tip 54 is removable from the accommodation hole 51 of the second tip body 50 after the second tip body 50 is removed from the first tip body 32. The power supply tip 54 is held in contact with the pressurization shaft 43 and urged by a compression spring 44 when the second tip body 50 is connected to the first tip body 32. A tip holder 60 is arranged at a distal end of the second tip body 50 in such a manner as to cover a distal end of the power supply tip 54.

Abstract: A welding torch 30 has a first tip body 32, a pressurization shaft 43, and a second tip body 50 detachably connected to a distal end of the first tip body 32. A power supply tip 54 is accommodated in an accommodation hole 51 of the second tip body 50. The power supply tip 54 is removable from the accommodation hole 51 of the second tip body 50 after the second tip body 50 is removed from the first tip body 32. The power supply tip 54 is held in contact with the pressurization shaft 43 and urged by a compression spring 44 when the second tip body 50 is connected to the first tip body 32. A tip holder 60 is arranged at a distal end of the second tip body 50 in such a manner as to cover a distal end of the power supply tip 54.