Abstract: A waste treatment system 100 for performing a hydrothermal treatment of wastes includes a hydrothermal treatment device 10 for performing the hydrothermal treatment by bringing steam into contact with the wastes, a storage facility 8, 9 for storing a fuel produced from a reactant of the hydrothermal treatment, and a heat recovery steam generator 18 for generating the steam to be supplied to the hydrothermal treatment device 10. The heat recovery steam generator 18 is configured to generate the steam by using a combustion energy generated by combustion of the fuel stored in the storage facility 8, 9.

Abstract: A waste treatment system 100 for performing a hydrothermal treatment of wastes includes a hydrothermal treatment device 10 for performing the hydrothermal treatment by bringing steam into contact with the wastes, a storage facility 8, 9 for storing a fuel produced from a reactant of the hydrothermal treatment, and a heat recovery steam generator 18 for generating the steam to be supplied to the hydrothermal treatment device 10. The heat recovery steam generator 18 is configured to generate the steam by using a combustion energy generated by combustion of the fuel stored in the storage facility 8, 9.

Abstract: A waste treatment system comprises: a first hydrothermal treatment device for performing hydrothermal treatment of waste; a first solid-liquid separation device for separating a first reactant of the first hydrothermal treatment device into a solid and a liquid or slurry; a second hydrothermal treatment device for performing hydrothermal treatment of the solid of the first reactant; a second solid-liquid separation device for separating a second reactant of the second hydrothermal treatment device into a solid and a liquid or slurry; and a fermentation device for fermenting the liquid or the slurry of the first reactant and the liquid or the slurry of the second reactant.

Abstract: A waste treatment system 100 for performing a hydrothermal treatment of wastes includes a hydrothermal treatment device 10 for performing the hydrothermal treatment by bringing steam into contact with the wastes, a storage facility 8, 9 for storing a fuel produced from a reactant of the hydrothermal treatment, and a heat recovery steam generator 18 for generating the steam to be supplied to the hydrothermal treatment device 10. The heat recovery steam generator 18 is configured to generate the steam by using a combustion energy generated by combustion of the fuel stored in the storage facility 8, 9.

Abstract: A method of spray drying and washing using a spray drying apparatus, includes: spraying dehydrated filtrate from a spray nozzle hung down from a top side of the spray drying apparatus; introducing a part of flue gas into the spray drying apparatus to dry the dehydrated filtrate; wherein a compressed air is introduced into the spray nozzle to facilitate the spraying and into the wash nozzle to perform air purging during the spray drying, and jetting washing liquid from a wash nozzle provided on a side wall of the spray drying apparatus to wash the spray nozzle and an inside of the spray drying apparatus body, wherein the feeding of the dehydrated filtrate to the spray nozzle is stopped during the washing.

Abstract: A water treatment device (1) is provided with: a biological treatment tank (2) for storing a stored liquid (5); a pump (7) for generating a circulating liquid flow formed of the stored liquid (5); a gas-liquid two-phase flow generation device (8) for using the circulating liquid flow to suction a gas containing oxygen, whereby a gas-liquid two-phase flow in which the gas is dispersed in the circulating liquid flow is generated; and a nozzle (12) for injecting the gas-liquid two-phase flow into the biological treatment tank (2). Such a water treatment device (1) is capable of adequately circulating the stored liquid (5) in the biological treatment tank (2), adequately aerating the stored liquid (5), and adequately treating the stored liquid (5).

Abstract: A method of spray drying and washing using a spray drying apparatus, includes: spraying dehydrated filtrate from a spray nozzle hung down from a top side of the spray drying apparatus; introducing a part of flue gas into the spray drying apparatus to dry the dehydrated filtrate; wherein a compressed air is introduced into the spray nozzle to facilitate the spraying and into the wash nozzle to perform air purging during the spray drying, and jetting washing liquid from a wash nozzle provided on a side wall of the spray drying apparatus to wash the spray nozzle and an inside of the spray drying apparatus body, wherein the feeding of the dehydrated filtrate to the spray nozzle is stopped during the washing.

Abstract: Provided is an air pollution control system including: a denitration apparatus; an air heater; a precipitator; a desulfurization apparatus; a dehydrator; a spray drying apparatus provided with a spray unit that is configured to spray dehydrated filtrate supplied from the dehydrator; a flue gas introduction line through which a branch gas branched from the flue gas is introduced to the spray drying apparatus; a flue gas supply line through which a flue gas from the spray drying apparatus returns to a main flue gas duct; a solid content separator that performs a solid-gas separation on solid contents contained in the flue gas; and a kneader that performs kneading and immobilizing treatment on the separated solid contents together with an immobilization aid.

Abstract: A laser oscillator configured to limit a mode hopping over a long duration. A laser oscillator has an optical resonator including an output coupler and a rear mirror positioned on an optical axis, at least one folding mirror positioned on the optical axis and between the output coupler and the rear mirror, and a discharge tube positioned between the output coupler or the rear mirror and the folding mirror. At least one folding mirror has a toric surface shape, a saddle surface shape or a cylindrical shape, and is configured to rotate about a straight line as a rotation axis, which extends through one point on a surface of the folding mirror and is perpendicular to the surface of the folding mirror.

Abstract: Provided is an air pollution control system including: a denitration apparatus; an air heater; a precipitator; a desulfurization apparatus; a dehydrator; a spray drying apparatus provided with a spray unit that is configured to spray dehydrated filtrate as desulfurization wastewater supplied from the dehydrator; a flue gas introduction line through which a branch gas branched from the flue gas is introduced to the spray drying apparatus; a flue gas supply line through which flue gas returns to a main flue gas duct, the flue gas being obtained after the dehydrated filtrate is dried by the spray drying apparatus; and a powder supply apparatus that is configured to supply a powder to the flue gas introduction line.

Abstract: A laser oscillator configured to limit a mode hopping over a long duration. A laser oscillator has an optical resonator including an output coupler and a rear mirror positioned on an optical axis, at least one folding mirror positioned on the optical axis and between the output coupler and the rear mirror, and a discharge tube positioned between the output coupler or the rear mirror and the folding mirror. At least one folding mirror has a toric surface shape, a saddle surface shape or a cylindrical shape, and is configured to rotate about a straight line as a rotation axis, which extends through one point on a surface of the folding mirror and is perpendicular to the surface of the folding mirror.

Abstract: A water treatment device (1) is provided with: a biological treatment tank (2) for storing a stored liquid (5); a pump (7) for generating a circulating liquid flow formed of the stored liquid (5); a gas-liquid two-phase flow generation device (8) for using the circulating liquid flow to suction a gas containing oxygen, whereby a gas-liquid two-phase flow in which the gas is dispersed in the circulating liquid flow is generated; and a nozzle (12) for injecting the gas-liquid two-phase flow into the biological treatment tank (2). Such a water treatment device (1) is capable of adequately circulating the stored liquid (5) in the biological treatment tank (2), adequately aerating the stored liquid (5), and adequately treating the stored liquid (5).

Abstract: A water treatment system (1) includes a deionization unit (10) and an ion-selective removing unit (20). The deionization unit (10) includes a pair of opposing electrodes charged to have polarities opposite to each other, a flow passageway positioned between the electrodes and enabling passage of water containing ions, and an ion-exchange membrane disposed on the flow passageway side of each of the electrodes, and performs a deionization process of deionizing the water containing the ions by allowing the ions to be adsorbed onto the electrodes and a regeneration process of eliminating the ions from the electrodes. The ion-selective removing unit (20) separates and removes divalent or more ions from the water containing the ions because the ratio of removing the divalent or more ions that are the scale component among the ions is relatively higher than the ratio of removing monovalent ions from the water containing the ions.

Abstract: Provided is a water treatment system capable of increasing the removal ratio of scale component ions. The water treatment system includes a desalination unit (10) including a pair of facing electrodes (11, 13) being charged to mutually reverse polarities, an interelectrode flow path (15) being located between the electrodes (11, 13) and allowing water containing ions to circulate through, and ion-exchange membranes (12, 14) being disposed on the interelectrode flow path (15) sides of the respective electrodes (11, 13) and permeating the ions toward the electrodes (11, 13) and carrying out a desalination treatment of desalinating the water by adsorbing the ions to the electrodes (11, 13) and a recycling treatment of desorbing the ions from the electrodes (11, 13), in which one of the ion-exchange membranes (14) selectively permeates divalent cations contained in water containing the ions toward the electrode (13).

Abstract: Provided is an air pollution control system including: a denitration apparatus; an air heater; a precipitator; a desulfurization apparatus; a dehydrator; a spray drying apparatus provided with a spray unit that is configured to spray dehydrated filtrate supplied from the dehydrator; a flue gas introduction line through which a branch gas branched from the flue gas is introduced to the spray drying apparatus; a flue gas supply line through which a flue gas from the spray drying apparatus returns to a main flue gas duct; a solid content separator that performs a solid-gas separation on solid contents contained in the flue gas; and a kneader that performs kneading and immobilizing treatment on the separated solid contents together with an immobilization aid.

Abstract: Provided is an air pollution control system including: a denitration apparatus; an air heater; a precipitator; a desulfurization apparatus; a dehydrator; a spray drying apparatus provided with a spray unit that is configured to spray dehydrated filtrate as desulfurization wastewater supplied from the dehydrator; a flue gas introduction line through which a branch gas branched from the flue gas is introduced to the spray drying apparatus; a flue gas supply line through which flue gas returns to a main flue gas duct, the flue gas being obtained after the dehydrated filtrate is dried by the spray drying apparatus; and a powder supply apparatus that is configured to supply a powder to the flue gas introduction line.

Abstract: A gas introducing port provided in a portion of a side wall near a top (lid) of a spray drying apparatus body, for introducing flue gas to dry spray liquid of dehydrated filtrate; a spray nozzle hung down from the top (lid) of the spray drying apparatus body, for spraying the dehydrated filtrate; a drying region formed in the spray drying apparatus body, for drying the sprayed dehydrated filtrate with the flue gas; a gas discharge port provided in a portion of the side surface near the bottom of the spray drying apparatus body, for discharging the flue gas contributed to the spray drying toward a gas feed line, which is a main flue gas duct; and a wash nozzle, which is a washing unit for washing the spray nozzle and the inside of the apparatus body with washing liquid are included.

Abstract: A water treatment method and a water treatment system that are capable of treating water containing salts to allow recovery of treated water at a high ion removal rate and a high water recovery rate, and allow recovery of high quality gypsum are provided. In the water treatment system, the water to be treated containing Ca2+ and SO42? is separated into concentrated water in which Ca2+ and SO42? are concentrated and treated water containing CO2 in a first demineralizer so that the treated water is recovered. The concentrated water in the first demineralizer is adjusted to a pH at which calcium carbonate can be dissolved and the scale inhibition function of a scale inhibitor is reduced, and then is delivered to a crystallizing tank. In the crystallizing tank, gypsum is crystallized from the concentrated water in the first demineralizer. The gypsum is separated and recovered in a separating section.

Abstract: Reformed coal production equipment includes: a combustion furnace (124) for generating heated gas (11); a dry distillation gas supply pipe (101) for supplying dry distillation gas (14) generated at a dry distillation device to the combustion furnace; a vapor generator (125) to which a portion of the heated gas generated at the combustion furnace is supplied and which generates waste heat gas (13) by subjecting the heated gas to heat exchange; and a discharge pipe (52), a waste heat gas delivery pipe (54), a mixed gas delivery pipe (55), a blower (126), a mixed gas supply pipe (56), a mixed gas branching pipe (102), a flow rate adjustment valve (103), and a mixed gas communication pipe (104) supplying, to the dry distillation gas supply pipe, the waste heat gas and low-temperature heated gas (12) formed by indirectly heating dried coal by the heated gas at the dry distillation device (121).

Abstract: Reformed coal production equipment includes: a combustion furnace (124) generating heated gas; dry distillation gas supply pipe (101) supplying dry distillation gas (14) generated at the inner cylinder (122) of a dry distillation device (121) to the combustion furnace; vapor generator (125) to which a portion of the heated gas (11) generated at the combustion furnace is supplied and which generates waste heat gas (13) by subjecting the heated gas to heat exchange; and discharge pipe (52), waste heat gas delivery pipe (53), mixed gas delivery pipe (55), blower (126), mixed gas supply pipe (56), mixed gas branching pipe (102), flow rate adjustment valve (103), and mixed gas allocation pipe (105) which supply and allocate, to the aforementioned inner cylinder, the waste heat gas and low-temperature heated gas (12) generated by indirectly heating dried coal (2) by the heated gas within the outer cylinder (123) of the dry distillation device.