Abstract: An interconnection structure for a semiconductor device may include lower interconnection patterns disposed in a checker board shape and upper interconnection patterns disposed in a checker board shape and connecting two adjacent lower interconnection patterns to each other.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fractionating a lignocellulose-based biomass are provided. The method includes providing a lignocellulose-based biomass, extracting lignin from the biomass by adding a first solvent capable of dissolving the lignin, extracting xylose by adding a second solvent capable of dissolving hemicellulose to the biomass treated with the first solvent, and extracting the cellulose remaining in the biomass. In this method, a continuous process can be performed instead of a low efficiency batch-type process and components of the biomass can be obtained at high yield.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of pre-treating and saccharifying an algae biomass, by dehydrating the algae biomass to have a water content of about 10% to about 70% by weight, cutting the algae biomass having a water content of about 10% to about 70% by weight to a predetermined size, and saccharifying the cut algae biomass using a hydrolysis catalyst and/or a hydrolase to yield a monosaccharide.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal alignment agent that includes a polymer including a polyamic acid including a repeating unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, polyimide including a repeating unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 2, or a combination thereof, wherein in Chemical Formulas 1 and 2, X1, X2, Y1 and Y2 are the same as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for controlling a screen brightness in a portable terminal, by which consumption of current by the portable terminal can be reduced by reducing the brightness of the display while a screen is being loaded for display. The apparatus preferably includes: a display unit for changing a screen brightness value thereof depending on whether data is operated, and displaying a screen thereof having the changed screen brightness value; and a controller for performing a control operation for changing the screen brightness value while the data is operated, and performing a control operation for causing the changed screen brightness value to return to a screen brightness value before the change when the operation of the data is completed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a photosensitive resin composition for a color filter and a color filter including the same. The photosensitive resin composition for a color filter may include (A) an acrylic-based copolymer including a structural unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 and a structural unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 2, wherein the substituents of Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2 are the same as defined in the specification; (B) an acrylic-based photopolymerizable monomer; (C) a photopolymerization initiator; (D) a pigment; and (E) a solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed are a photosensitive resin composition and a light blocking layer using the same. The photosensitive resin composition includes (A) a cardo-based monomer represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 or 2, wherein the substituents of Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2 are the same as defined in the detailed description, (B) a cardo-based resin, (C) a reactive unsaturated compound, (D) a pigment, (E) an initiator, and (F) a solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed are a photosensitive resin composition for a color filter and a color filter using the same. The photosensitive resin composition for a color filter may include (A) a copolymer including a structural unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, wherein the substituents of Chemical Formula 1 are the same as defined in the specification; (B) an acrylic-based photopolymerizable monomer; (C) a photopolymerization initiator; (D) a pigment; and (E) a solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed are a photosensitive resin composition for a color filter and a color filter using the same. The photosensitive resin composition for a color filter includes (A) an acrylic-based binder resin including a structural unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, wherein the substituents of Chemical Formula 1 are the same as defined in the specification; (B) an acrylic-based photopolymerizable monomer; (C) a photopolymerization initiator; (D) a pigment; and (E) a solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed are a photosensitive resin composition that includes (A) a cardo-based resin including repeating units represented by the following Chemical Formulae 1 and 2, wherein the substituents of Chemical Formulae 1 and 2 are the same as defined in the specification, (B) reactive unsaturated compound, (C) a pigment, (D) an initiator, and (E) a solvent, and a light blocking layer using the photosensitive resin composition.

Abstract: Provided are a photosensitive resin composition for a color filter and a color filter using the same. The photosensitive resin composition for a color filter may include (A) a copolymer including a structural unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 1; (B) an acrylic-based photopolymerizable monomer; (C) a photopolymerization initiator; (D) a pigment; and (E) a solvent: In Chemical Formula 1, each substituent is the same as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photosensitive resin composition that includes (A) a cardo-based monomer represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 or 2, (B) a cardo-based resin, (C) a reactive unsaturated compound, (D) a pigment, (E) an initiator, and (F) a solvent, and a light blocking layer using the same. In Chemical Formulae 1 and 2, each substituent is the same in the detailed description.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition for a color filter and a color filter using the same are provided. The photosensitive resin composition for a color filter includes (A) an acrylic-based binder resin including a structural unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 1; (B) an acrylic-based photopolymerizable monomer; (C) a photopolymerization initiator; (D) a pigment; and (E) a solvent. In Chemical Formula 1, each substituent is the same as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: Disclosed are a photosensitive resin composition for a color filter and a color filter including the same. The photosensitive resin composition for a color filter may include (A) an acrylic-based copolymer including a structural unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 and a structural unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 2; (B) an acrylic-based photopolymerizable monomer; (C) a photopolymerization initiator; (D) a pigment; and (E) a solvent. In Chemical Formula 1, each substituent is the same as defined in the detailed description. In Chemical Formula 2, each substituent is the same as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: Disclosed are a photosensitive resin composition that includes (A) a cardo-based resin including repeating units represented by the following Chemical Formulae 1 and 2, (B) reactive unsaturated compound, (C) a pigment, (D) an initiator, and (E) a solvent, and a light blocking layer using the photosensitive resin composition. In Chemical Formulae 1 and 2, each substituent is the same as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A touch input device is provided. The touch input device includes, a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), a plurality of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) mounted on the PCB and electrically connected to the PCB, a holder installed on the PCB and placed around the LEDs, and a touch sensor, placed on the LEDs and the holder, for transmitting light.

Abstract: An interconnection structure for a semiconductor device may include lower interconnection patterns disposed in a checker board shape and upper interconnection patterns disposed in a checker board shape and connecting two adjacent lower interconnection patterns to each other.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of pre-treating and saccharifying an algae biomass, by dehydrating the algae biomass to have a water content of about 10% to about 70% by weight, cutting the algae biomass having a water content of about 10% to about 70% by weight to a predetermined size, and saccharifying the cut algae biomass using a hydrolysis catalyst and/or a hydrolase to yield a monosaccharide.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fractionating a lignocellulose-based biomass are provided. The method includes providing a lignocellulose-based biomass, extracting lignin from the biomass by adding a first solvent capable of dissolving the lignin, extracting xylose by adding a second solvent capable of dissolving hemicellulose to the biomass treated with the first solvent, and extracting the cellulose remaining in the biomass. In this method, a continuous process can be performed instead of a low efficiency batch-type process and components of the biomass can be obtained at high yield.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing biofuel, more specifically a method of producing biofuel comprising the steps of generating monosugars from marine algae, or from polysaccharides extracted from marine algae by treating the marine algae or the polysaccharides with a hydrolytic enzyme and/or a hydrolytic catalyst; and fermenting the monosugars using a microorganism to produce biofuel. The method of producing biofuel of the present invention solve the problem of raw material suppliance since it uses marine algae as a raw material for biomass, and reduce the production costs by excluding lignin eliminating process that has been required by the conventional method using wood-based raw materials, resulting in economic and environmental advantages.