Abstract: An ammonia manufacturing apparatus of an embodiment includes: an electrochemical reaction cell including: a first reaction tank in which a reduction electrode is arranged and gaseous nitrogen is supplied; a second reaction tank in which an oxidation electrode is arranged and an electrolytic solution containing water or water vapor is supplied; and a diaphragm provided between the first reaction tank and the second reaction tank. In the ammonia manufacturing apparatus of the embodiment, the reduction electrode includes a reduction catalyst that reduces nitrogen to produce ammonia, a porous carbon material that supports the reduction catalyst, and an organic polymer material that binds the porous carbon material. The porous carbon material has pores with a BET average pore size of 1 nm or more and 15 nm or less.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction device in an embodiment includes: a reaction unit including a first accommodation part to accommodate carbon dioxide and a second accommodation part to accommodate an electrolytic solution containing water; a reduction electrode to reduce the carbon dioxide; an oxidation electrode to oxidize the water; a power supply to pass current between the reduction electrode and the oxidation electrode; a pressure regulator to regulate a pressure in the first accommodation part; a reaction product detector to detect at least one of an amount and a kind of a substance produced at the reduction electrode; and a controller to control the pressure regulator based on a detection signal of the reaction product detector.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a user authentication method and system, an information terminal device and a service providing server, a subject identification method and system, a correspondence confirmation method and system, an object confirmation method and system, which are capable of assuring authentication and/or confirmation of a person, an animal and a plant, or an object and improving precision thereof, and program products for them. In order to perform user authentication when a user of an information terminal device 30 such as a cellular phone or the like receives a service from a service providing server 20 via a network, iris authentication is performed, and a password is automatically updated every time a service is provided to generate a new password to be used when a next service is provided, and the new password is stored in both the information terminal device 30 and the service providing server 20.