Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure discloses tobacco material including: a center portion including a flavor material; and an outer portion including a tobacco mixture, wherein the outer portion surrounds the center portion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 and an organic light-emitting device comprising the same.

Abstract: The present specification relates to a heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1, an organic light emitting device comprising the same, a method for preparing the same, and a composition for organic layer.

Abstract: An operating method of a server operating a digital twin built into a virtual space for a plurality of base stations and a plurality of mobile devices may be provided. The operating method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include: invoking a digital twin-based beamforming management service; obtaining location information about a target mobile device from among the plurality of mobile devices and a target base station corresponding to the target mobile device; searching for a plurality of paths capable of forming a beam from the target base station to the target mobile device based on the location information and spatial information of the digital twin; performing a first communication performance simulation for the plurality of paths; determining a final beamforming parameter based on a result of the first communication performance simulation; and transmitting beamforming information including the final beamforming parameter to the target base station.

Abstract: A lamp for a vehicle includes a first beam pattern formation part configured to emit first light for a first beam pattern and a lens configured to form the first beam pattern by transmitting the first light. The first beam pattern formation part includes a first light source that emits the first light; and a shield configured to block a portion of the first light that is emitted from the first light source toward the lens. The lens includes a spread lens that concentrates incident light to a focal line having a linear shape and a spot lens that concentrates incident light to a point.

Abstract: Provided is a slot die coating device, and more specifically, a slot die coating device in which negative pressure generation is applied into a slot die and a method of using the same. The slot die coating device includes a first main body including a first surface, a second main body including a second surface corresponding to the first surface, and located to be spaced apart from the first surface by a regular interval, a main body unit including a head lip that is a space between the first surface and the second surface, and a negative pressure generation unit installed on at least one of the first main body and the second main body.

Abstract: A blockchain based data management method performed by a computing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes recording a deletion event for off-chain data and time information of the deletion event in a blockchain network, and selectively deleting the off-chain data based on a validity verification result calculated for the time information, wherein the validity verification result is calculated using a time-consensus algorithm of the blockchain network.

Abstract: A blockchain-based data distribution management method according to an embodiment is performed by a computing device. The method includes generating a plurality of shards by fragmenting a first information, requesting a first block event for distributed storage of the plurality of shards in a plurality of off-chain storages to a blockchain network, and transmitting the plurality of shards to the plurality of off-chain storages, wherein a second information indicating a history of the plurality of shards distributed and stored in the plurality of off-chain storages is recorded in the blockchain network through the first block event, wherein when a predetermined number or more of shards among the plurality of shards are collected, the first information is restored from the collected predetermined number or more of shards.

Abstract: A blockchain data recording method includes determining a recording type as one of an on-chain type and an off-chain type according to a target data to be recorded in a blockchain, transmitting a first transaction proposal for recording the target data in a blockchain node configured to store an on-chain data on a blockchain to the blockchain node when the recording type is an on-chain type, and recording the target data in a storage node provided to store an off-chain data, and transmitting a second transaction proposal for storing recording information of the target data in the blockchain to the blockchain node when the recording type is an off-chain type.

Abstract: A method for managing transaction is performed in a blockchain-based computing system and includes receiving a request for processing a first individual transaction from a client terminal, generating a batch transaction by aggregating a plurality of individual transactions including the first individual transaction, processing the generated batch transaction via a blockchain network, such that a status record associated with the batch transaction is recorded in the blockchain, and providing the client terminal with an identifier of the batch transaction and index information on the first individual transaction, wherein the status record associated with the batch transaction includes a first status record associated with the first individual transaction, and wherein the index information on the first individual transaction is determined based on a location of the first status record in the status record.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electrode for fuel cells, a membrane electrode assembly for fuel cells including the same and a method for manufacturing the same in which the electrode is manufactured by forming an ionomer layer between an electrode layer and a catalyst layer and an antioxidant is dispersed into the catalyst layer of the electrode and an ion exchange layer of an electrolyte membrane so as to improve interfacial bonding force between the electrode and the electrolyte membrane, the electrode is bonded to the electrolyte membrane using a transfer process, and durability of the electrode and the electrolyte membrane is improved.

Abstract: An apparatus for guaranteeing the integrity of a state database includes a memory for storing one or more instructions, a communication interface for communicating with one or more blockchain nodes and a processor. The processor is configured, by executing the stored one or more instructions, to receive a request to query for a state value, obtain a first state value by querying a state database in response to the request, forward the request to the one or more blockchain nodes to receive a second state value from the one or more blockchain nodes and compare the first state value with the second state value to determine integrity of a state value.

Abstract: A blockchain-based data distribution management method according to an embodiment is performed by a computing device. The method includes generating a plurality of shards by fragmenting a first information, requesting a first block event for distributed storage of the plurality of shards in a plurality of off-chain storages to a blockchain network, and transmitting the plurality of shards to the plurality of off-chain storages, wherein a second information indicating a history of the plurality of shards distributed and stored in the plurality of off-chain storages is recorded in the blockchain network through the first block event, wherein when a predetermined number or more of shards among the plurality of shards are collected, the first information is restored from the collected predetermined number or more of shards.

Abstract: A blockchain based data management method performed by a computing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes recording a deletion event for off-chain data and time information of the deletion event in a blockchain network, and selectively deleting the off-chain data based on a validity verification result calculated for the time information, wherein the validity verification result is calculated using a time-consensus algorithm of the blockchain network.

Abstract: A blockchain data recording method includes determining a recording type as one of an on-chain type and an off-chain type according to a target data to be recorded in a blockchain, transmitting a first transaction proposal for recording the target data in a blockchain node configured to store an on-chain data on a blockchain to the blockchain node when the recording type is an on-chain type, and recording the target data in a storage node provided to store an off-chain data, and transmitting a second transaction proposal for storing recording information of the target data in the blockchain to the blockchain node when the recording type is an off-chain type.

Abstract: A method for preparing a multi-component alloy catalyst on which a catalytic metal is supported includes preparing a carbon composite having a carbon support coated with a cationic polymer, supporting a catalytic metal containing at least two metal elements on the carbon composite to prepare an alloy catalyst precursor, and washing the alloy catalyst precursor to remove the cationic polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electrode for fuel cells, a membrane electrode assembly for fuel cells including the same and a method for manufacturing the same in which the electrode is manufactured by forming an ionomer layer between an electrode layer and a catalyst layer and an antioxidant is dispersed into the catalyst layer of the electrode and an ion exchange layer of an electrolyte membrane so as to improve interfacial bonding force between the electrode and the electrolyte membrane, the electrode is bonded to the electrolyte membrane using a transfer process, and durability of the electrode and the electrolyte membrane is improved.

Abstract: A method for interworking data between a plurality of blockchain networks according to an embodiment of the inventive concept includes performing a first phase of a transaction by dividing steps of the transaction for recording data and performing a second phase of the transaction according to a result of performing the first phase, wherein performing the first phase comprises performing a first step of a first transaction for recording the data in a first blockchain network of a plurality of blockchain networks and requesting to perform a first step of a second transaction for recording the data in a second blockchain network of the plurality of blockchain networks. It may be available to interwork data between a plurality of blockchain networks without passing through a separate hub network, and ensure the concurrency of interworked data recording.

Abstract: A method for interworking data between a plurality of blockchain networks according to an embodiment of the inventive concept includes performing a first phase of a transaction by dividing steps of the transaction for recording data and performing a second phase of the transaction according to a result of performing the first phase, wherein performing the first phase comprises performing a first step of a first transaction for recording the data in a first blockchain network of a plurality of blockchain networks and requesting to perform a first step of a second transaction for recording the data in a second blockchain network of the plurality of blockchain networks. It may be available to interwork data between a plurality of blockchain networks without passing through a separate hub network, and ensure the concurrency of interworked data recording.

Abstract: A method for managing transaction is performed in a blockchain-based computing system and includes receiving a request for processing a first individual transaction from a client terminal, generating a batch transaction by aggregating a plurality of individual transactions including the first individual transaction, processing the generated batch transaction via a blockchain network, such that a status record associated with the batch transaction is recorded in the blockchain, and providing the client terminal with an identifier of the batch transaction and index information on the first individual transaction, wherein the status record associated with the batch transaction includes a first status record associated with the first individual transaction, and wherein the index information on the first individual transaction is determined based on a location of the first status record in the status record.