Abstract: A method of convolution operation based sparse data using artificial neural network comprises: a step of extracting index information, location information about a valid data where actual data exists in an input data; a step of generating first location information including computable row information where actual operations are performed in a kernel based on a path along which the kernel moves to perform a convolution operation on the input data and the index information; a step of generating second location information including computable column information where an actual operation is performed in the kernel based on the first location information, the index information, and the kernel size; a step of generating an operation rule for each point of the valid data and convolution output data based on the index information, and the first and second location information; and a step of performing the convolution operation based on the operation rule.

Abstract: A display device includes signal lines and pixels connected thereto. A first pixel includes a first transistor including a first gate electrode, a first channel region overlapping the first gate electrode, a first source region, and a second drain region facing the first source region, with the first channel region interposed between the first source region and the second drain region. A third transistor includes a third gate electrode, a third channel region overlapping the third gate electrode, a third drain region connected to the first gate electrode, and a third source region facing the third drain region with the third channel region interposed between the third source region and the third drain region. A shielding part overlaps a boundary between the third source region and the third channel region and does not overlap a boundary between the third drain region and the third channel region.

Abstract: A method of preparing a positive electrode active material precursor includes: providing a transition metal-containing solution including nickel, cobalt, and manganese; and introducing the transition metal-containing solution into a reactor, adding a basic aqueous solution and an ammonium cation-containing complex-forming agent, and performing a co-precipitation reaction to prepare a transition metal hydroxide in the form of a secondary particle formed by agglomerating primary particles. The co-precipitation reaction is performed under conditions satisfying Expression 1 described in the specification, and a positive electrode active material precursor whose crystalline grain has a controlled aspect ratio. A positive electrode active material prepared using the positive electrode active material precursor, a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery, which includes the positive electrode active material, and a lithium secondary battery are also provided.

Abstract: A tobacco material includes a core including a first tobacco mixture, and a shell surrounding at least a portion of the core and including a second tobacco mixture, wherein the first tobacco mixture includes first tobacco particles and a flavor substance, the second tobacco mixture includes second tobacco particles, and the shell has a surface roughness (Ra) of about 5.0 to about 10.0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tobacco media and an aerosol-generating article including the same, and more particularly to a tobacco media for use in a non-combustible aerosol-generating article. The present invention is directed to a tobacco medium including a pulverized tobacco material and a pH adjuster, such that the tobacco medium includes at least 70 wt % of the pulverized tobacco material on a dry weight basis, the pulverized tobacco material includes at least 4 wt % of nicotine on a dry weight basis, the tobacco medium includes at least 2.8 wt % of nicotine on a dry weight basis, and a PH of the tobacco medium is in the range of 6 and 9.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material which makes it possible to improve the electrochemical properties and stability of a positive electrode active material including a lithium composite oxide by adjusting the direction of a concentration gradient of a metal element of the lithium composite oxide, and a lithium secondary battery using a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material.

Abstract: A gait assistance apparatus including at least one sensor configured to sense a step motion of a user, and an operator configured to determine assistance forces of a right step and a left step of the user based on step motion information of the user and adjust the assistance force for at least one of the right step or the left step of the user based on a result of proportionally adding together the assistance forces of the right step and the left step based on a variable ratio may be provided.

Abstract: Provided herein are an aerosol-generating article having a flavor optimization function and an aerosol generation system including the same. The aerosol-generating article according to some embodiments of the present disclosure includes a filter portion, a medium portion which includes an aerosol-generating substrate and has a downstream end portion connected to an upstream end portion of the filter portion, and a wrapping structure which wraps around at least a portion of the filter portion or the medium portion. Here, the wrapping structure may include a heat conduction member or a heat conduction limiting member to appropriately control thermal energy delivered to the aerosol-generating substrate. Accordingly, the flavor and taste of tobacco smoke of the aerosol-generating article may be improved.

Abstract: An AI-based endoscopic diagnostic aid system includes: an endoscope module providing an endoscopic image of internal organs of the body of a patient; an input module configured to be capable of inputting arbitrary medical information about the patient; a control module which analyzes the endoscopic image provided from the endoscope module through a pre-stored image processing program to detect lesion information, matches the detected lesion information with the medical information input from the input module through a pre-stored lesion diagnosis program while generating at least one diagnosis information of malignancy and malignancy probability corresponding to the matching result, and outputs a preset notification signal according to the lesion information and the diagnosis information; and a notification module which visually displays on an arbitrary screen according to the notification signal output from the control module.

Abstract: A lithium complex oxide includes a mixture of first particles of n1 (n1>40) aggregated primary particles and second particles of n2 (n2?20) aggregated primary particles, the lithium complex oxide represented by Chemical Formula 1 and having FWHM (deg., 2?) of 104 peak in XRD, defined by a hexagonal lattice having R-3m space group, in a range of Formula 1: where M is selected from: B, Ba, Ce, Cr, F, Mg, Al, Cr, V, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Si, Y, Nb, Ga, Sn, Mo, W, P, Sr, and any combination thereof, 0.9?a?1.3, 0.6?x?1.0, 0.0?y?=0.4, 0.0?z?0.4, and 0.0?1?x?y?z?0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a microorganism culture production amount prediction system and method with improved accuracy in predicting the microorganism culture production amount using a metabolic model equation by calculating the predicted substrate concentration from the metabolic model equation, calculating the actually measure substrate concentration from the spectrum data of the culture solution, comparing the predicted substrate concentration with the actually measured substrate concentration, and updating the parameters of the metabolic model equation, in a method for predicting the culture concentration of microorganisms with known metabolic model equation governing the metabolic model.

Abstract: A display device may includes: a substrate including a pixel area and a peripheral area; pixels provided in the pixel area of the substrate, each of the pixels including a light-emitting element provided with a pixel electrode; scan lines and data lines coupled to the pixels; a power line configured to supply driving power to the light-emitting elements, and extending in one direction; and an initialization power line configured to supply initialization power to the light-emitting elements. The power line and the initialization power line may be provided on different layers. The initialization power line may include: first conductive lines extending in a direction oblique to the scan lines and the data lines; and conductive lines intersecting the first conductive lines. The first and second conductive lines may be disposed in areas between the pixel electrodes of adjacent light-emitting elements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nicotine inhaler including: a body including a tube-shaped housing; a first liquid storage part including liquid nicotine; a second liquid storage part including a smoke generating liquid; a heating element generating smoke by heating the smoke generating liquid; and a switch disposed on the outer surface of the body.

Abstract: A positive electrode material has a bimodal particle size distribution which includes a first positive electrode active material and a second positive electrode active material having different average particle diameters (D50) from each other. The first positive electrode active material includes a lithium composite transition metal oxide. The number of primary particles of the first positive electrode active material is from 6 to 30, which is measured in a cross-sectional SEM image of secondary particles having an average particle diameter (D50), wherein the average particle diameter (D50) is a particle diameter measured through a laser diffraction particle size measurement instrument at which a maximum peak of a cumulative area particle size distribution of the first positive electrode active material appears. A preparation method thereof, and a lithium secondary battery including the positive electrode material are also provided.

Abstract: An aerosol inhaler including a nicotine transition unit, wherein the nicotine transition unit includes: a first container filled with a nicotine-containing solution and a propellant; and a second container connected to the first container to be filled with the liquid in the first container, and the propellant exists in a liquid state and a gas state in the first container. The nicotine transition unit enables prediction and control the amount of nicotine transition so that the actual amount of nicotine transition does not deviate significantly from the predicted value.

Abstract: The present invention provides a positive electrode active material capable of achieving a battery having excellent capacity characteristics and life characteristics. The positive electrode active material includes a first lithium transition metal oxide and a second lithium transition metal oxide having an average particle diameter (D50) smaller than that of the first lithium transition metal oxide, wherein a particle strength of the first lithium transition metal oxide is 140 MPa or more, and a difference in particle strengths between the first lithium transition metal oxide and the second lithium transition metal oxide is 10 MPa or less. The present invention further provides a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery which include the positive electrode active material.

Abstract: A display device includes signal lines and pixels connected thereto. A first pixel includes a first transistor including a first gate electrode, a first channel region overlapping the first gate electrode, a first source region, and a second drain region facing the first source region, with the first channel region interposed between the first source region and the second drain region. A third transistor includes a third gate electrode, a third channel region overlapping the third gate electrode, a third drain region connected to the first gate electrode, and a third source region facing the third drain region with the third channel region interposed between the third source region and the third drain region. A shielding part overlaps a boundary between the third source region and the third channel region and does not overlap a boundary between the third drain region and the third channel region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material and a lithium secondary battery using a positive electrode containing the positive electrode active material. More particularly, the present invention relates to a positive electrode active material that is able to solve a problem of increased resistance according to an increase in Ni content by forming a charge transport channel in a lithium composite oxide and a lithium secondary battery using a positive electrode containing the positive electrode active material.

Abstract: A gait assistance apparatus including at least one sensor configured to sense a step motion of a user, and an operator configured to determine assistance forces of a right step and a left step of the user based on step motion information of the user and adjust the assistance force for at least one of the right step or the left step of the user based on a result of proportionally adding together the assistance forces of the right step and the left step based on a variable ratio may be provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recognizing a motion of a user are provided. The apparatus may map each of right leg angle information and left leg angle information to context information by comparing each of the right leg angle information and left leg angle information to a comparison value and/or preset threshold, may generate a motion event corresponding to the context information based on a criterion, and may recognize the motion of the user based on the motion event and a previous motion of the user.