Abstract: An apparatus for measuring fluid speed by using the refraction of light is disclosed. The apparatus includes: a channel in which a passage is formed to allow the flow of a fluid; a first and a second light source that are located in any one region of an upper part and a lower part of the channel; a sensor installed in an opposite region of the region where the first and second light sources are located with respect to the channel, to receive the light emitted from the first and second light sources; a speed calculation unit that calculates the speed of the fluid by using a time point at which the intensity of the light received at the sensor changes; and an adjustment unit that is connected to the channel and configured to adjust the flow speed of the fluid based on the calculated speed of the fluid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gene including an M13 p5 expressing cassette, which includes a promoter, a ribosome binding site (RBS) and a protein 5 (p5) coding region, wherein at least one base of sequences between the RBS and the p5 coding region is mutated. Using this gene may increase production of single-stranded DNA.

Abstract: A URL address determining method includes receiving a URL address extracted from a target server; requesting a response corresponding to the URL address from the target server; when receiving response data from the target server, extracting a response URL address corresponding to the URL address from the response data; and determining a resource indicated by the URL address by using the response URL address.

Abstract: A URL collecting method includes accessing, by a URL collecting apparatus, a web server of a first URL; receiving, by the URL collecting apparatus, a first web page from the web server; and a URL dynamic collecting step of collecting, by the URL collecting apparatus, one or more URLs invoked while performing some or all of source codes of the first web page.

Abstract: A URL processing method includes a response data determining step in which a URL processing apparatus determines whether to exclude one or more URLs included in a first web page from a valid URL list using header information for the first web page of a first web site and a similarity based valid URL calculating step of estimating a similarity between web pages corresponding to respective URLs according to a predetermined criterion with respect to one or more URLs included in the first web page and selecting some of URLs of a similar web page calculated according to the similarity and adding the selected URLs in the valid URL list.

Abstract: A method for analyzing vulnerabilities may include: an analysis target URL receiving step of receiving a plurality of analysis target uniform resource locator (URL) addresses extracted from the analysis target server; an identification key setting step of setting respective identification keys corresponding to the plurality of analysis target URL addresses; a vulnerability analyzing step of performing a simulated attack so as to access the external server by the analysis target server by inserting an analysis hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) request sentence including a URL address of an external server and the identification key into the analysis target URL address; an access record checking step of requesting an access record of the analysis target server to the external server; and a vulnerability extracting step of extracting a vulnerability of the analysis target server by using the identification key included in the access record.

Abstract: A method for determining duplication of a vulnerability may include a vulnerability extraction step of extracting vulnerability uniform resource locator (URL) addresses including the vulnerability from an analysis target server; a hash generation step of generating the URL hash value corresponding to the extracted vulnerability from the vulnerability URL address; and a duplication determination step of determining, when the URL hash value is present in the first comparison table, that the vulnerability is duplicated and excluding the corresponding vulnerability from vulnerability information.

Abstract: Provided are a radial porous diacetylene particle, which is synthesized by ion-bonding a diacetylene-containing dicarboxylic acid or diamine monomer represented by Formula 1 with a diamine or dicarboxylic acid monomer represented by Formula 2, and a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring fluid speed by using the refraction of light is disclosed. The apparatus includes: a channel in which a passage is formed to allow the flow of a fluid; a first and a second light source that are located in any one region of an upper part and a lower part of the channel; a sensor installed in an opposite region of the region where the first and second light sources are located with respect to the channel, to receive the light emitted from the first and second light sources; a speed calculation unit that calculates the speed of the fluid by using a time point at which the intensity of the light received at the sensor changes; and an adjustment unit that is connected to the channel and configured to adjust the flow speed of the fluid based on the calculated speed of the fluid.

Abstract: Provided are a radial porous diacetylene particle, which is synthesized by ion-bonding a diacetylene-containing dicarboxylic acid or diamine monomer represented by Formula 1 above with a diamine or dicarboxylic acid monomer represented by Formula 2 above, and a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: Provided are a radial porous diacetylene particle, which is synthesized by ion-bonding a diacetylene-containing dicarboxylic acid or diamine monomer represented by Formula 1 above with a diamine or dicarboxylic acid monomer represented by Formula 2 above, and a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A head slider and a hard disk drive (HDD) including the head slider, the head slider including an air bearing surface (ABS) protruding from a disk facing surface of the head slider toward the disk, a shallow recess (SR) retreated behind the ABS, and a cavity recess (CR) retreated behind the ABS and the SR.

Abstract: A hard disk drive which can maintain a write property at a constant level by reflecting a temperature effect during a write parameter set process even when the hard disk drive is used under a condition different from one intended during manufacturing of the disk. The hard disk drive includes a disk, a thermister and a controller. The disk stores data and the thermister measures the temperature around the disk. The controller is coupled to the thermister and selects a parameter to be optimized from parameters related to a disk write operation. The controller writes arbitrary data to a test track on the disk to obtain a first bit error rate of the test track. The controller repeatedly writes arbitrary data to at least one track adjacent to the test track indicated by as many times as an adjacent track write count is based on an associated temperature measured by the thermister to obtain a second bit error rate of the test track.

Abstract: There is provided a polydiacetylene supramolecule comprising diacetylene molecules, capable of immobilizing a receptor molecule having a thiol group. Since the polydiacetylene supramolecule has a receptor immobilized thereon having a thiol group, for example, an antibody, and thus shows color transition when reacting with a sample, an antigen can be detected through specific color transition of the polydiacetylene when employing in a receptor-ligand reaction, for example, an antibody-antigen reaction.

Abstract: Nano-pumps including nano-motors that move dynamically in response to exterior stimuli, for example in response to photonic energy, electrical energy, a magnetic field, and/or a chemical concentration. The motion of such a molecular sized nano-motor structure can be managed and controlled so as to act as a pump. Such pumps could be used in nanobots in order to perform work.

Abstract: The fuel cells disclosed herein include a nanoporous membrane. The nanoporous membrane includes at least one block copolymer and has pores that are sized and configured to restrict the flow of methanol, while allowing hydronium ion (i.e., hydrogen ion) to flow therethrough.

Abstract: Stabilized nanoparticulate nutritive compositions include nano-scale particles of at least one nutritive substance and molecules of at least one stabilizing agent that associate with the nutritive nanoparticles. Stabilized nanoparticulate nutritive compositions are prepared by suspending relatively larger particles of a nutritive substance in a solvent and breaking down the larger sized nutritive particles and associating the particles with the stabilizing agent. Stabilized nanoparticulate nutritive compositions can readily be combined with a variety of food media.

Abstract: Micro particulate compositions include molecular baskets deposited on the surface and impregnated within pores of micro particles. They may be used to detect and/or separate a target material in a sample. Molecular baskets include a molecular framework defining an exterior region and an interior target receiving region. Micro particles may have a high total surface area provided by external surfaces and internal pore surfaces. Micro particulate compositions are manufactured by dispersing molecular baskets onto outer surfaces and within internal pores of porous microparticles (e.g., as a solution or suspension within a solvent). Analytical devices for detection and/or separation of target materials in samples include a micro particulate composition configured to facilitate contact between the micro particulate composition and a sample.

Abstract: Stable nanoparticulate vitamin compositions are prepared from agglomerated or larger sized vitamin particles of at least one vitamin compound by breaking down and/or solubilizing the agglomerated or larger sized vitamin particles and associating the particles with a surface modifying agent.

Abstract: The compositions and methods disclosed herein relate to nanoporous blocks of ice that include hydrogen hydrates for releasably storing hydrogen. The nanoporous ice includes pores with diameters in a range from about 1 nm to about 1000 nm. Hydrogen hydrates are formed in the nanoporous ice blocks under suitable conditions of high pressure and/or low temperatures. The nanopores in the ice blocks allow rapid formation of hydrogen hydrates and/or release of hydrogen due to flux of hydrogen gas through the ice blocks. In addition, the small size of the pores provides a high surface area and a high density of hydrogen storage in the ice.