Abstract: Disclosed is a multi-directional rotational sliding door self-closing device configured to automatically close a door moving along a rail straightly aligned with an extension rail. The self-closing device includes: a damper provided with a roller at its rear end and configured to move along the rail to automatically close the door and smoothen a closing speed; a roller assembly multi-directionally rotatably connected to a front end of the damper and configured to move along the rail; and a roller bracket connected to the roller assembly and fixed to an upper end of the door; and a coil spring inserted into an insertion hole provided in the roller assembly and configured to abut on a tip of the damper when the damper and the roller assembly are straightly aligned. The rail can be appropriately driven even when the rail is deformed. The damper and the roller assembly can be easily removed through a short space of the extension rail.

Abstract: A particle detection apparatus is disclosed, the apparatus including a detector configured to detect particles in an inflowing solution using a first signal applied to a first electrode, the first signal including a direct current (DC) voltage and an alternating current (AC) voltage; and a signal processor configured to provide the first signal to the detector and to detect a second signal measured by a second electrode.

Abstract: An electromagnetic-wave shielding film of a display panel and a plasma display device are manufactured by transcribing a conductive ink material onto a substrate by an off-set process, and firing the conductive ink material to form a conductive material.