Abstract: A mathematical model was developed to lead to the design of a novel membrane, which can operate in membrane distillation at a small trans-membrane temperature gradient, including at low feed water temperature range. The novel membrane design can be described as a super-hydrophobic nano-porous/micro-porous composite membrane. This membrane will significantly decrease the energy requirements of the MD process since it can operate at very low inlet feed temperatures.

Abstract: A display device includes: a substrate on which circuit elements constituting a pixel are arranged; a repair pattern arranged overlying the substrate; a buffer layer covering the repair pattern; an active layer arranged overlying the buffer layer; a conductive layer which is arranged overlying the active layer and on which electrodes of the circuit elements are arranged; an overcoat layer covering the conductive layer; and a light emitting element arranged overlying the overcoat layer. The repair pattern is arranged in such a manner that one region thereof overlaps the active layer.

Abstract: A mathematical model was developed to lead to the design of a novel membrane, which can operate in membrane distillation at a small trans-membrane temperature gradient, including at low feed water temperature range. The novel membrane design can be described as a super-hydrophobic nano-porous/micro-porous composite membrane. This membrane will significantly decrease the energy requirements of the MD process since it can operate at very low inlet feed temperatures.