Abstract: A vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication-based electronic toll collection system (ETCS) according to an embodiment of the present invention includes at least one roadside unit (RSU), a token issuer checking a de-identified token of a vehicle by communicating with an on-board unit (OBU) of the vehicle via the at least one roadside unit, and a clearing house communicating with the token issuer and charging a toll to a driver/owner of the vehicle. The token issuer generates toll information of the vehicle based on the de-identified token of the vehicle and location information of the at least one roadside unit involved in checking the de-identified token.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for detecting anomalies in a system log on the basis of self-supervised learning, using a language model. The method comprises performing preprocessing on the system log, generating a normal token sequence having a preset length by concatenating tokenized log lines of the system log, generating an abnormal token sequence using the normal token sequence, calculating an anomaly score for a determination target token sequence using a sentence classification model, and determining the token sequence as an abnormal system log when the calculated anomaly score is greater than a threshold value.

Abstract: A method and system for providing a video multimedia ringtone include setting, by a processor, a silent video separated from a multimedia file, as a media file that is a video file of a ringtone, setting, by the processor, a selected sound source as a bell file that is a sound file of the ringtone, and simultaneously playing back, by the processor, the media file and the bell file that are set as the ringtone, in response to an incoming call signal.

Abstract: A method and system for setting a sound of a user terminal through a sound package include configuring, by a processor, at least two sound sources produced for different usages into a package and providing the package to a user terminal. The two sound sources in the package are employed for different usages at the user terminal and are set as the sound sources.

Abstract: A method and system for providing a video multimedia ringtone include setting, by a processor, a silent video separated from a multimedia file, as a media file that is a video file of a ringtone, setting, by the processor, a selected sound source as a bell file that is a sound file of the ringtone, and simultaneously playing back, by the processor, the media file and the bell file that are set as the ringtone, in response to an incoming call signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, wherein a photosensitive layer and a natural oxidation layer on a cell area and a peripheral circuit area are removed by dry etching while a capacitor of a DRAM device is manufactured, and a polysilicon layer which is not used in the following process is removed by controlling the composition ratio of CF4 gas and O2 gas and the change of pressure and electrical power in two steps so as to reduce the etching selection ratio of the photosensitive layer and the natural oxidation layer with respect to the polysilicon, whereby the remaining polysilicon is prevented regardless of the etching time and etching amount.

Abstract: Disclosed is method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, wherein a photosensitive layer and a natural oxidation layer on a cell area and a peripheral circuit area are removed by dry etching while a capacitor of a DRAM device is manufactured, and a polysilicon layer which is not used in the following process is removed by controlling the composition ratio of CF4 gas and O2 gas and the change of pressure and electrical power in two steps so as to reduce the etching selection ratio of the photosensitive layer and the natural oxidation layer with respect to the polysilicon, whereby the remaining polysilicon is prevented regardless of the etching time and etching amount.