Abstract: A lamp unit which implements a source light source with a small number of light sources using a lens and a vehicle lamp apparatus including the same. The lamp unit includes an optical member, a base plate spaced from the optical member by a predetermined distance, and a spacer between the base plate and the optical member. The spacer supports an edge of the optical member, and a light source is disposed on the base plate. A lens is coupled to the base plate, and the lens covers the light source. The lens includes a connection portion contacting the base plate, and a reinforcement part contacting the spacer.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for forensic marking of digital content. The apparatus includes a forensic marker configured to generate first content by inserting a first binary forensic mark in original content and second content by inserting a second binary forensic mark in the original content, and when a content service request is generated, combine the first content and the second content on the basis of information about a user who has requested the content service and thereby generate third content in which a forensic mark corresponding to the user information is inserted, a content database configured to store the first and second content, and a transceiver configured to transmit the third content.

Abstract: Disclosed are a backlight unit and a display apparatus using the same. The backlight unit includes first and second reflectors, a light source module, an optical member spaced apart from the second reflector, a first cover to come into contact with the second reflector and optical member, a second cover coupled to the first cover to support the light source module, and a third cover coupled to the first and second covers. The first cover includes a bottom plate, first lateral plates facing each other with respect to a first direction, second lateral plates facing each other in a second direction, a first coupling portion disposed at each first lateral plate and coupled to the second cover, a second coupling portion disposed at each second lateral plate and coupled to the optical member, and a third coupling portion disposed at each second lateral plate and coupled to the third cover.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display with two insulating substrates. A first insulating substrate has crossing signal lines, a pixel electrode, and a drain electrode electrically connected to the pixel electrode through a contact hole. A spacer is formed on the first signal line of the first insulating substrate, and is wider at a first portion close to the first insulating substrate than at a second portion close to the second insulating substrate, and the drain electrode comprises a first portion and a second portion extending in a different direction with respect to the first portion.

Abstract: Provided are a capacitor digital-to-analog (DAC), an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) including the capacitor DAC, and a semiconductor device. The DAC includes at least one dummy capacitor configured to cause capacitors included in a capacitor array to have a capacitance that is an integer multiple of the capacitance of a unit capacitor.

Abstract: Disclosed are a backlight unit and a display apparatus using the same. The backlight unit includes first and second reflectors, a light source module, an optical member spaced apart from the second reflector, a first cover to come into contact with the second reflector and optical member, a second cover coupled to the first cover to support the light source module, and a third cover coupled to the first and second covers. The first cover includes a bottom plate, first lateral plates facing each other with respect to a first direction, second lateral plates facing each other in a second direction, a first coupling portion disposed at each first lateral plate and coupled to the second cover, a second coupling portion disposed at each second lateral plate and coupled to the optical member, and a third coupling portion disposed at each second lateral plate and coupled to the third cover.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including a power-on-reset (POR) circuit. The semiconductor device includes a driving voltage generator configured to generate a first voltage that rises at a first slope and subsequently rises at a second slope greater than the first slope and a first POR signal generator configured to receive the first voltage and generate a first POR signal having a first ramp-up time.

Abstract: An analog to digital converter includes a digital to analog converting circuit, a comparator and a signal processing circuit. The digital to analog converting circuit samples and holds an analog input signal, and converts digital output data to an analog signal to generate a hold voltage signal. The comparator compares the hold voltage signal with a reference voltage signal in response to a rising edge and a falling edge of a clock signal to generate a comparison output voltage signal. The signal processing circuit performs successive approximation based on the comparison output voltage signal to generate the digital output data.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a cyclic compound that has high selectivity, high yield, and stability over a long period of time depending on a metal content ratio of a catalyst, specifically a lactone compound or a heterocyclic compound including oxygen, which includes hydrogenating an organic acid, organic acid ester, or a mixture of the organic acid and organic acid ester, which are having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, by using a selective hydrogenated catalyst.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display with two insulating substrates. A first insulating substrate has crossing signal lines, a pixel electrode, and a drain electrode electrically connected to the pixel electrode through a contact hole. A spacer is formed on the first signal line of the first insulating substrate, and is wider at a first portion close to the first insulating substrate than at a second portion close to the second insulating substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for extracting a fingerprint of a publication. And disclosed are a system and a method for identifying a publication using a fingerprint. The system for identifying the publication using the fingerprint includes: a fingerprint extraction unit for extracting fingerprints for collected query publications to identify the copyrights infringement; a fingerprint query unit for querying fingerprints of original publications corresponding from the fingerprint extraction unit; a DBMS for storing the fingerprints extracted from the original publications and additional information from the original publications, and providing a search result candidate group which is composed of fingerprints of at least one of the original publications corresponding to the queries of the fingerprint query unit; and a candidate group verification unit for determining copyright infringement for the query publications by verifying the search result candidate group provided from the DBMS.

Abstract: In a method of forming a layer, a precursor composition including a metal and a ligand chelating to the metal is stabilized by contacting the precursor composition with an electron donating compound to provide a stabilized precursor composition onto a substrate. A reactant is introduced onto the substrate to bind to the metal in the stabilized precursor composition. The stabilized precursor composition is provided onto the substrate by introducing the precursor composition onto the substrate after the electron donating compound is introduced onto the substrate. The electron donating compound is continuously introduced onto the substrate during and after the precursor composition is introduced.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including a power-on-reset (POR) circuit. The semiconductor device includes a driving voltage generator configured to generate a first voltage that rises at a first slope and subsequently rises at a second slope greater than the first slope and a first POR signal generator configured to receive the first voltage and generate a first POR signal having a first ramp-up time.

Abstract: An analog to digital converter includes a digital to analog converting circuit, a comparator and a signal processing circuit. The digital to analog converting circuit samples and holds an analog input signal, and converts digital output data to an analog signal to generate a hold voltage signal. The comparator compares the hold voltage signal with a reference voltage signal in response to a rising edge and a falling edge of a clock signal to generate a comparison output voltage signal. The signal processing circuit performs successive approximation based on the comparison output voltage signal to generate the digital output data.

Abstract: A music search apparatus using an emotion model includes a music database (DB) for storing sound source data about a plurality of pieces of music and Arousal-Valence (AV) coefficients of the respective pieces of music. An emotion model generation unit classifies different emotion types into a plurality of groups, and generates an emotion classification model from using respective probability distributions of the plurality of groups for an AV coefficient plane. A music search unit identifies an emotion type from using information entered by a user when a music search request is received, detects an AV coefficient range for designating an AV coefficient corresponding to the identified emotion type from using the emotion classification model, and searches the music DB for music corresponding to the AV coefficient range.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for searching for recommended music using the emotional information of music and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus that enable recommended music to be searched for using mixed emotions by extracting emotional values including a valence value and an arousal value from an input search condition when a predetermined search condition is input by a user, extracting an emotion rank combination corresponding to the extracted emotional value information using an emotion model that includes mixed emotions corresponding to the emotional values, searching a music emotion DB for music information corresponding to the emotion rank combination, and outputting a recommended music list based on the results of the search, thus improving the user's satisfaction with the results of the search.

Abstract: Disclosed are a forensic marking method and a forensic marking system capable of inserting in real-time a forensic mark for user information in digital contents provided online.

Abstract: A storage medium storing multimedia data for the reproduction of audio-visual (AV) data and a programming function, and a reproducing apparatus and method thereof. The storage medium includes: reproduction mode data for reproducing audio-visual (AV) data; program data including a plurality of program applications for providing interactive functions with a user and/or additional functions using the AV data; system data for controlling the execution of the reproduction mode data and the program data; and application objects for managing the execution of the program data and information on the reproduction mode data to be reproduced along with the execution of the program data. Accordingly, various user interfaces and/or various additional functions can be provided, as well as simple reproduction of AV data. Also the program application can be prevented from using malicious intent, and program applications having the same function can be reused without modification or recompilation.

Abstract: A solar cell and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The solar cell includes: i) a first conductive layer; ii) a plurality of nano structures that are positioned on the first conductive layer and that are extended to cross a surface of the first conductive layer and that are separated from each other; iii) a resin layer that is positioned on the first conductive layer and that is filled at space between the plurality of nano structures; iv) at least one semiconductor layer that is positioned on the resin layer and that covers the plurality of nano structures; and v) a second conductive layer that covers the semiconductor layer and that has a light transmittance lower than that of the first conductive layer.