Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing hydrogen, carbon, and ethylene from a methane-containing feedstock even without recycling of unreacted methane by providing a single process or system in which a methane-containing feedstock is subjected to two methane conversion steps. The method includes a first conversion step of producing hydrogen and carbonaceous materials and a second conversion step of producing acetylene from unreacted methane and hydrogen discharged from the first conversion step while maintaining a good methane conversion and suppressing coke formation, followed by separating and recovering ethylene and hydrogen produced through selective hydrogenation of acetylene.

Abstract: Silicon oxide-based negative electrode active materials and negative electrodes for a secondary battery are disclosed. In an embodiment, a negative electrode active material for a secondary battery includes a silicon oxide particle including a metal silicate; and a hydrocarbon coating layer on the silicon oxide particle, wherein a peak Pa in a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectral analysis of the negative electrode active material is detected in a range from 2880 cm?1 to 2950 cm?1 and a peak Pb in a FT-IR spectral analysis of the negative electrode active material is detected in a range from 2800 cm?1 to 2865 cm?1.

Abstract: An anode active material for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same are provided. The anode active material includes a plurality of composite particles, each composite particle including a silicon-based active material particle including silicon; and a carbon coating layer formed on at least a portion of a surface of the silicon-based active material particle, wherein a relative standard deviation of G/Si peak intensity ratios of a Raman spectrum as defined in Equation 1 measured for each of 50 different composite particles among the plurality of composite particles is 50% or less.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a light modulation device is provided. The light modulation device is capable of removing defects such as orientation irregularities. The light modulation device further improves the orientation state in the light modulation device that adjusts orientation of a liquid crystal compound or the like with a liquid crystal alignment film and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or adhesive layer.

Abstract: A server according to an embodiment includes a processor configured to receive a friend add request for a target account from a user terminal accessed with a user account; based on one of the user account and the target account being a protected account, transmit an approval request for the friend add request to a protector account connected to the protected account; and based on receiving a reply to the approval request from the protector terminal, add the target account to a friend list of the user account.

Abstract: An anode active material for a lithium secondary and a lithium second battery including the same are provided. The anode active material includes a plurality of carbon-based particles containing one or more pores therein, and a silicon-containing coating formed inside the pores and/or on a surface of each of the carbon-based particles. A relative standard deviation of D/G peak intensity ratios of a Raman spectrum measured for 50 different carbon-based particles among the plurality of carbon-based particles is 10% or less.

Abstract: Provided are a negative electrode including a silicon-based negative electrode active material and a secondary battery including the same. The negative electrode for a secondary battery including: a current collector and a negative electrode active material layer including a plurality of silicon-based active material particles, which is positioned on the current collector may be provided, wherein the following Relation is satisfied: [Relation 1] 0.01?A?B?0.81, wherein A is an average value of Raman spectrum peak intensity ratios Ia/Ib for 50 silicon-based active material particles randomly selected in the negative electrode active material layer, B is an average value or values excluding top 10 values and bottom 10 values, for each Raman spectrum peak intensity ratio Ia/Ib value for the 50 silicon-based active material particles, Ia is a peak intensity at 515±15 cm?1, and Ib is a peak intensity at 470±30 cm?1.

Abstract: Provided is a method for evaluating a secondary battery active material, comprising: preparing an active material including a core and a shell located on the surface of the core; forming an active material layer including the active material on at least one surface of a current collector; acquiring a Raman spectrum for the active material and calculating a Raman R value (ID/IG) therefrom; obtaining a frequency distribution chart for the Raman R value; obtaining a probability density function by normalizing the frequency distribution chart; and evaluating the shell of the active material by extracting a Raman R value (ID/IG) and/or a predetermined width indicating a maximum value from the graph of the probability density function.

Abstract: Provided is a method for evaluating a secondary battery active material, comprising: preparing an active material including a core and a shell located on the surface of the core; forming an active material layer including the active material on at least one surface of a current collector; acquiring a Raman spectrum for the active material and calculating a Raman R value (ID/IG) therefrom; obtaining a frequency distribution chart for the Raman R value; obtaining a probability density function by normalizing the frequency distribution chart; and evaluating the shell of the active material by extracting a Raman R value (ID/IG) and/or a predetermined width indicating a maximum value from the graph of the probability density function.