Abstract: In a method and apparatus for forming a three-dimensional image for an inspection pattern, a reference intensity function of an inspection X-ray is formed in accordance with a continuous scanning depth, and is differentiated with respect to the scanning depth. The differential reference intensity function is decomposed into a start function and a characteristic function. The differential reference intensity function is then repeatedly integrated while a temporary vertical profile function is substituted for the start function until the temporary intensity of a reference X-ray is within an allowable error range. The temporary vertical profile function satisfying the error range is selected as an optimal vertical profile function. A surface shape is combined to the optimal vertical profile function along a depth of the inspection pattern to thereby form the three-dimensional image for the inspection pattern.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for inspecting a wafer surface, a wafer is loaded into a chamber. An incident light including a first light for sensing a vertical position of the wafer and a second light for inspecting the wafer surface is irradiated onto the wafer. The first light is reflected on an inspection region or a next inspection region of the wafer and is detected to control a wafer position. The second light is scattered on the inspection region and is detected to inspect the wafer surface of the inspection region. Position information of a wafer is examined and a position of the wafer is adjusted before inspecting a surface of inspection region of a wafer so as to enable accurate inspection of the wafer surface.

Abstract: In a method of measuring a critical dimension for conductive structures or openings exposing conductive structures formed on a substrate, a corona ion charge is deposited on the conductive structures and/or an insulating layer having the openings in a measurement region of the substrate. The critical dimension of the conductive structures or the openings may be determined by comparing variations of a surface voltage caused by leakage current through the conductive structures with reference data to thereby improve reliability of the critical dimension measurement.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a wafer holder and a related wafer conveyor system. The wafer holder holds a wafer and moves horizontally within a chamber. A contact area between the wafer and the wafer holder is reduced, and potential contaminants generated by ear between components of the wafer holder are trapped by an airtight cover. Since the wafer holder moves horizontally while being fixed to a guide rail, the wafer conveyor system reduces friction between the guide rail and the wafer holder.

Abstract: A method of inspecting a leakage current of a dielectric layer on a substrate including a cell array region having a plurality of cell blocks including a patterned structure, the dielectric layer formed on the patterned structure, and a peripheral circuit region includes depositing a corona ion charge on a cell block selected from the plurality of cell blocks and measuring a variance of a surface voltage caused by a leakage current through the dielectric layer on the selected cell block. The variance of the surface voltage is compared with reference data to determine a leakage current characteristic of the dielectric layer.

Abstract: Provided is a fast handover method using candidate care-of addresses (CoAs). The method includes obtaining Internet protocol (IP) address information of access routers located adjacent to a previous access router (PAR) to which a mobile node is connected; setting more than one candidate CoAs based on the IP address information; and selecting from the more than one candidate CoAs a CoA of a sub-net to which the mobile node is to move and performing a handover based on the selected CoA. Therefore, a delay and a packet loss caused by the setting of a new NCoAs can be prevented.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a wafer holder and a related wafer conveyor system. The wafer holder holds a wafer and moves horizontally within a chamber. A contact area between the wafer and the wafer holder is reduced, and potential contaminants generated by ear between components of the wafer holder are trapped by an airtight cover. Since the wafer holder moves horizontally while being fixed to a guide rail, the wafer conveyor system reduces friction between the guide rail and the wafer holder.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a density profile of impurities, the method including presetting a monitoring position of a thin layer coated on a substrate, the density profile of impurities being monitored from the monitoring position in a direction of thickness of the thin layer, moving an exposer for exposing a local area of the thin layer to the monitoring position, exposing the local area of the thin layer along the direction of thickness of the thin layer, forming a shape profile of the exposed local area of the thin layer, and monitoring the density profile of impurities by determining a density of impurities in accordance with the shape profile, and an apparatus therefor. The impurity density profile may be monitored without destroying a substrate on which a thin layer is coated, and an amount of impurities used for forming the thin layer may be monitored and controlled in real-time.

Abstract: A method of inspecting a leakage current of a dielectric layer on a substrate including a cell array region having a plurality of cell blocks including a patterned structure, the dielectric layer formed on the patterned structure, and a peripheral circuit region includes depositing a corona ion charge on a cell block selected from the plurality of cell blocks and measuring a variance of a surface voltage caused by a leakage current through the dielectric layer on the selected cell block. The variance of the surface voltage is compared with reference data to determine a leakage current characteristic of the dielectric layer.

Abstract: A bootstrapping method and system in a mobile network using a Diameter-based protocol are provided. The bootstrapping system includes; a mobile node, connecting to a local network, which creates and transmits an AAA request message; and a home AAA server of a home network, which authenticates the mobile node based on the AAA request message received through a local AAA server of the local network, allocates a home agent and a home address relating to the mobile node, transmits the address of the home agent and the home address along with Internet key exchange (IKE) phase 1 security key material to the mobile node, and transmits an IKE phase 1 security key to the home agent, wherein the mobile node generates the IKE phase 1 security key using the IKE phase 1 security key material, distributes IP security (IPsec) security agreement (SA) with the home agent using IKE phase 2, and performs a binding update with the home agent using distributed IPsec SA.

Abstract: A method of inspecting a leakage current of a dielectric layer on a substrate including a cell array region having a plurality of cell blocks including a patterned structure, the dielectric layer formed on the patterned structure, and a peripheral circuit region includes depositing a corona ion charge on a cell block selected from the plurality of cell blocks and measuring a variance of a surface voltage caused by a leakage current through the dielectric layer on the selected cell block. The variance of the surface voltage is compared with reference data to determine a leakage current characteristic of the dielectric layer.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for forming a three-dimensional image for an inspection pattern, a reference intensity function of an inspection X-ray is formed in accordance with a continuous scanning depth, and is differentiated with respect to the scanning depth. The differential reference intensity function is decomposed into a start function and a characteristic function. The differential reference intensity function is then repeatedly integrated while a temporary vertical profile function is substituted for the start function until the temporary intensity of a reference X-ray is within an allowable error range. The temporary vertical profile function satisfying the error range is selected as an optimal vertical profile function. A surface shape is combined to the optimal vertical profile function along a depth of the inspection pattern to thereby form the three-dimensional image for the inspection pattern.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a wafer holder and a related wafer conveyor system. The wafer holder holds a wafer and moves horizontally within a chamber. A contact area between the wafer and the wafer holder is reduced, and potential contaminants generated by ear between components of the wafer holder are trapped by an airtight cover. Since the wafer holder moves horizontally while being fixed to a guide rail, the wafer conveyor system reduces friction between the guide rail and the wafer holder.

Abstract: A network apparatus and packet routing method for ubiquitous computing are provided. In the network apparatus, a movement detection unit detects movement from a first network to a second network, and a movement address setting unit generates care-of-address (CoA) information corresponding to prefix information of the second network. A movement registration unit registers a movement address by transmitting a binding update message containing the generated CoA and home address (HoA) mapping information, to a home agent. A resource setting unit registers information on current terminal apparatuses among network terminal apparatuses on the second network. A packet distribution unit distributes the received packet to a current terminal apparatus corresponding to the application characteristic of the packet received from the home agent based on the information on the current terminal apparatuses.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for inspecting a wafer surface, a wafer is loaded into a chamber. An incident light including a first light for sensing a vertical position of the wafer and a second light for inspecting the wafer surface is irradiated onto the wafer. The first light is reflected on an inspection region or a next inspection region of the wafer and is detected to control a wafer position. The second light is scattered on the inspection region and is detected to inspect the wafer surface of the inspection region. Position information of a wafer is examined and a position of the wafer is adjusted before inspecting a surface of inspection region of a wafer so as to enable accurate inspection of the wafer surface.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a density profile of impurities, the method including presetting a monitoring position of a thin layer coated on a substrate, the density profile of impurities being monitored from the monitoring position in a direction of thickness of the thin layer, moving an exposer for exposing a local area of the thin layer to the monitoring position, exposing the local area of the thin layer along the direction of thickness of the thin layer, forming a shape profile of the exposed local area of the thin layer, and monitoring the density profile of impurities by determining a density of impurities in accordance with the shape profile, and an apparatus therefor. The impurity density profile may be monitored without destroying a substrate on which a thin layer is coated, and an amount of impurities used for forming the thin layer may be monitored and controlled in real-time.