Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a substrate includes an active area; a first landing pad connected to the active area and disposed on the substrate; a second landing pad connected to the active area, and spaced apart from the first landing pad, wherein the second landing pad is disposed on the substrate; a first lower electrode disposed on the first landing pad and extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate; a second lower electrode disposed on the second landing pad and extending in the direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate; a dielectric layer extending along the first lower electrode and the second lower electrode; and an upper electrode disposed on the dielectric layer, wherein a first upper surface of the first landing pad is disposed below a second upper surface of the second landing pad with respect to a lower surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a reference material for determining incorporation of a genetically modified (GM) plant into a sample or analyzing a mixing ratio from a tissue-cultured cell line that is obtained by incubating tissues of either a GM plant or a non-GM plant, and a method of determining incorporation of a GM plant into a sample and analyzing a mixing ratio using the reference material are provided. The reference material for determining the incorporation of a genetically modified (GM) plant a sample or analyzing a mixing ratio using the tissue-cultured cell lines that are obtained by incubating tissues of the GM plant and the non-GM plant can be useful in producing a countless number of populations having the same genetic traits via the tissue culture. Thus, when a culture capacity of the reference material is increased to a large volume, it is possible to obtain a large volume of the reference material having uniform qualities with no quality variation between batches.

Abstract: Provided is a standard plasmid for assaying a genetically modified plant, a method for quantitatively analyzing a target transgene within the genetically modified plant using the standard plasmid, and a kit for quantitatively analyzing the genetically modified plant including the standard plasmid, wherein the standard plasmid of the present invention is possible to be utilized for assaying a genome containing a 5-enoyl-4-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene or a cry1Ab gene, and in particular, significantly useful as a standard material capable of analyzing whether the genetically modified plant such as soybean RRS or GM maize MON810 is incorporated or an incorporation ratio thereof.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a reference material for determining incorporation of a genetically modified (GM) plant into a sample or analyzing a mixing ratio from a tissue-cultured cell line that is obtained by incubating tissues of either a GM plant or a non-GM plant, and a method of determining incorporation of a GM plant into a sample and analyzing a mixing ratio using the reference material are provided. The reference material for determining the incorporation of a genetically modified (GM) plant a sample or analyzing a mixing ratio using the tissue-cultured cell lines that are obtained by incubating tissues of the GM plant and the non-GM plant can be useful in producing a countless number of populations having the same genetic traits via the tissue culture. Thus, when a culture capacity of the reference material is increased to a large volume, it is possible to obtain a large volume of the reference material having uniform qualities with no quality variation between batches.

Abstract: Provided is a standard plasmid for assaying a genetically modified plant, a method for quantitatively analyzing a target transgene within the genetically modified plant using the standard plasmid, and a kit for quantitatively analyzing the genetically modified plant including the standard plasmid, wherein the standard plasmid of the present invention is possible to be utilized for assaying a genome containing a 5-enoyl-4-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene or a cry1Ab gene, and in particular, significantly useful as a standard material capable of analyzing whether the genetically modified plant such as soybean RRS or GM maize MON810 is incorporated or an incorporation ratio thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for screening and discovering bioactive materials using specifically selected protein domains interacting with specific intracellular proteins, and more particularly, to (1) a screening method including confirmation of changes in biological activities by introducing a specific protein domain into microorganisms or animal and plant cells and (2) a screening method including confirmation of changes in biological activities after introducing the specific protein domains into a number of microorganisms or animal and plant cells. Via this method, according to the present invention, it is possible that the selected protein domains can be used to develop novel antibiotic agents with antimicrobial activity effective on bacteria resistant to conventional antibiotics while requiring less genetic information compared with a conventional drug which targets specific genes.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a reference material for determining incorporation of a genetically modified (GM) plant into a sample or analyzing a mixing ratio from a tissue-cultured cell line that is obtained by incubating tissues of either a GM plant or a non-GM plant, and a method of determining incorporation of a GM plant into a sample and analyzing a mixing ratio using the reference material are provided. The reference material for determining the incorporation of a genetically modified (GM) plant a sample or analyzing a mixing ratio using the tissue-cultured cell lines that are obtained by incubating tissues of the GM plant and the non-GM plant can be useful in producing a countless number of populations having the same genetic traits via the tissue culture. Thus, when a culture capacity of the reference material is increased to a large volume, it is possible to obtain a large volume of the reference material having uniform qualities with no quality variation between batches.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for screening and discovering bioactive materials using specifically selected protein domains interacting with specific intracellular proteins, and more particularly, to (1) a screening method including confirmation of changes in biological activities by introducing a specific protein domain into microorganisms or animal and plant cells and (2) a screening method including confirmation of changes in biological activities after introducing the specific protein domains into a number of microorganisms or animal and plant cells. Via this method, according to the present invention, it is possible that the selected protein domains can be used to develop novel antibiotic agents with antimicrobial activity effective on bacteria resistant to conventional antibiotics while requiring less genetic information compared with a conventional drug which targets specific genes.