Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for monitoring bioaerosols, including a capturer configured to capture bioaerosol particles in air in a capture solution; a particle sprayer configured to electro-spray the capture solution in a form of droplets such that the particles are included in at least some of the sprayed droplets; and an analyzer configured to analyze the particles, sprayed through the particle sprayer, by machine learning. In accordance with such a configuration, the droplets containing a certain amount of the particles can be continuously analyzed in real time by machine learning, thereby contributing to the improvement of monitoring efficiency for a specific bioaerosol genus.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a light-emitting element, the method including positioning a substrate, forming a first separation layer, which includes a first sacrificial layer, an etching control layer on the first sacrificial layer, and a second sacrificial layer on the etching control layer, on the substrate, forming at least one first light-emitting element on the first separation layer, and separating the first light-emitting element from the substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor chip for correcting an aligned error comprises a memory array; a transceiver circuit; and an Error Correction Code (ECC) circuit, wherein the ECC circuit is configured to: receive target data to be encoded, encode the target data by multiplying a generator matrix of a previously generated ECC by the target data, store the encoded target data in the memory array, check a data transformed from the encoded target data, and generate an error corrected data by correcting only a single error of the transformed data and an adjacent error that does not exceed a first value boundary of a predetermined number of bits by using a parity check matrix of the ECC, and output the error corrected data.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a display, a memory configured to store instructions, and a processor configured to execute the instructions to obtain 360-degree content and angle of view information including a plurality of angle of view values selected to reproduce the 360 degree content, and control the display to display the 360-degree content according to the plurality of angle of view values included in the angle of view information.

Abstract: A display device for displaying an application in an execution area according to a user input is disclosed. The display device includes a user interface configured to receive a user input corresponding to a shape, a display, and a controller configured to determine an application corresponding to the shape and determine an execution area for the application on a screen of the display in response to the user interface receiving the user input, and control the display of the application in the execution area.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a display, a memory configured to store instructions, and a processor configured to execute the instructions to obtain 360-degree content and angle of view information including a plurality of angle of view values selected to reproduce the 360 degree content, and control the display to display the 360-degree content according to the plurality of angle of view values included in the angle of view information.

Abstract: A display device for displaying an application in an execution area according to a user input is disclosed. The display device includes a user interface configured to receive a user input corresponding to a shape, a display, and a controller configured to determine an application corresponding to the shape and determine an execution area for the application on a screen of the display in response to the user interface receiving the user input, and control the display of the application in the execution area.

Abstract: A display apparatus is disclosed. A display apparatus comprises a display configured to display a thumbnail page including at least one thumbnail image, a user interface configured to receive a thumbnail page turn command, a storage, and a controller configured to generate and store in advance image information relating to at least one thumbnail page arranged in a page turning direction and at last one thumbnail page arranged in an opposite direction to the page turning direction, based on a currently-displayed thumbnail page, and generate a thumbnail page to be displayed according to the thumbnail page turn command based on the image information stored in the storage.

Abstract: An electronic device controller and an electronic system including the same are provided. The electronic device controller includes a calculation unit for calculating performance information of an electronic device based on detailed information regarding an operation and state of the electronic device and a tuning unit for tuning at least one of the detailed information, based on the calculated performance information of the electronic device.

Abstract: A terminal, a server, a method of controlling the terminal, and a method of controlling the server are provided. The terminal includes a communication unit which communicates with a server storing a file uploaded by a second terminal, a photographing unit which captures an image of a user of the terminal, and a controller which controls the communication unit to receive client information for client authentication from the server, authenticate a client on the basis of a facial image included in the client information and the image of the user captured by the photographing unit, and receive the uploaded file according to the authentication result when the terminal accesses the server with the same account as the second terminal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus adaptively controlling a page open time for a memory device are disclosed. The method includes determining a page open maintenance time of an access-requested page based on system information and intellectual property (IP) request information; and controlling closing of an open page based on the determined page open maintenance time.

Abstract: A device for testing a semiconductor memory device, the device including a code table that is configured to store at least a first received code and a second received code received via a host interface, a pattern generation engine that is configured to determine a third code based on at least one of the first and the second received codes stored in the code table and to output the third code, in response to a request to perform a test operation, received via the host interface, and a signal generation unit that is configured to generate control signals for testing the semiconductor memory device, based on the third code received from the pattern generation engine.

Abstract: An ice making apparatus which includes an ice making tray to produce ice and an ejector rotatably disposed at the ice making tray, including a plurality of ice making cells formed in the ice making tray, wherein each of the ice making cells includes a freezing portion in which ice is produced and a buffering portion which is formed as a specified space at one side of the freezing portion to prevent water of the freezing portion from flowing out of the ice making tray. Accordingly, even in a refrigerator having the ice making apparatus installed on a rear surface of the door, the ice making apparatus can permanently provide an effect of preventing water inside the ice making cells from flowing out of the ice making tray due to an opening/closing operation of the door.

Abstract: A device for testing a semiconductor memory device, the device including a code table that is configured to store at least a first received code and a second received code received via a host interface, a pattern generation engine that is configured to determine a third code based on at least one of the first and the second received codes stored in the code table and to output the third code, in response to a request to perform a test operation, received via the host interface, and a signal generation unit that is configured to generate control signals for testing the semiconductor memory device, based on the third code received from the pattern generation engine.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a refrigerator main body having a storage chamber, a door coupled to the refrigerator main body to be opened or closed, a cool air supplying device which generates cool air, an ice maker including an ice making tray having ice making cells to produce ice and a cool air guide member installed in the door, coupled to the ice making tray and having a cool air line that guides the cool air supplied from the cool air supplying device to flow around the ice making tray. The cool air line disposed on the cool air guide member to supply the ice making tray guides the cool air supplied from the cool air supplying device to move along the surrounding of the ice making tray, thereby uniformly cooling down the ice making tray.

Abstract: An image data compression system, for compressing a frame represented as a plurality of blocks, can include: a lossless compression unit to receive the plurality of blocks and to perform lossless compression thereon resulting in a first code; a lossy compression unit to receive the plurality of blocks and to perform lossy compression thereon resulting in a second code; and a code selection circuit to selectively output one of the first and second codes based upon a figure of merit evaluated for at least one of the first and second codes.

Abstract: An ice supply device and a refrigerator having the same are disclosed. The ice supply device includes an ice breaking unit having a breaker to break ice and a housing to house the breaker, an ice storage container removably coupled to the ice breaking unit and having a discharge hole to discharge ice, and a binding device to bind the ice storage container and the ice breaking unit. Accordingly, the ice storage container can be separated from the ice breaking unit, thereby facilitating handling of the ice storage container.

Abstract: An electronic device controller and an electronic system including the same are provided. The electronic device controller includes a calculation unit for calculating performance information of an electronic device based on detailed information regarding an operation and state of the electronic device and a tuning unit for tuning at least one of the detailed information, based on the calculated performance information of the electronic device.

Abstract: A water filter capable of preventing breakdown thereof due to freezing and a refrigerator having the same. The water filter includes a filter housing having entrance and exit ports to allow water to flow into and out of the filter housing, respectively, a filter member housed in the filter housing, and an expansion compensation part provided in the filter housing to compensate for expansion due to freezing of water.

Abstract: A biological fuel cell includes an elongate anode (1) and a flow conduit (2) though which a fluid having a substrate flows. The ratio of the length of the flow conduit (2) to the width of the flow conduit is at least 4:1. In use, the biological fuel cell is arranged so that fluid flows within the flow conduit (2) along the length of the elongate anode (1) and the fluid flows substantially parallel to the anode (1) for at least 80% of its length.