Abstract: The inventive concept provides a method for treating a substrate. The method includes removing a film on the substrate by applying a pulsed laser to the rotating substrate, in which thickness of the film to be removed is measured and pulse energy of the pulsed laser is selected based on the measured thickness of the film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water treatment device, and more specifically to a water purifier capable of removing scale in a simple manner.

Abstract: An electronic device and a method of making an electronic device. As non-limiting examples, various aspects of this disclosure provide various methods of manufacturing electronic devices, and electronic devices manufactured thereby, that comprise utilizing an adhesive layer to attach an upper electronic package to a lower die and/or utilizing metal pillars for electrically connecting the upper electronic package to a lower substrate, wherein the metal pillars have a smaller height above the lower substrate than the lower die.

Abstract: A method of driving an electronic device includes displaying a plurality of fingerprint recognition icons on a display device configured to perform fingerprint recognition, and releasing a lock state of the display device through a fingerprint authentication process upon determining at least one first fingerprint recognition icon among the plurality of fingerprint recognition icons is touched. The plurality of fingerprint recognition icons include at least one first fingerprint recognition icon configured to support the fingerprint recognition and at least one second fingerprint recognition icon configured to not support the fingerprint recognition.

Abstract: A display device includes a light emitting sub-pixel disposed in a display area, a light receiving pixel disposed in one of the display area or a non-display area, and a touch sensing layer including a sensing conductive layer overlapping with the light receiving pixel.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery, a manufacturing method thereof, and a lithium secondary battery including the same, wherein the positive electrode active material is a lithium nickel-based compound particle having a Ni content of 75 mol % or more, and a difference in concentration of Al between the center and the surface in the lithium nickel-based compound particle is less than 1 mol %.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electrolyte membrane of a membrane-electrode assembly including an electronic insulation layer, which greatly improves the durability of the electrolyte membrane, and a method of preparing the same. The electrolyte membrane includes an ion exchange layer and an electronic insulation layer provided on the ion exchange layer, and the electronic insulation layer includes one or more catalyst complexes, and a second ionomer Particularly, each of the one or more catalyst complex includes a catalyst particle and a first ionomer coated on the entirety or a portion of the surface of the catalyst particle, and the one or more catalyst complexes are dispersed the second ionomer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a catalyst for a fuel cell electrode including an active particle which includes a core comprising platinum, a transition metal excluding platinum, and an oxide of a non-transition metal; and a shell disposed on the core and including platinum, wherein the active particle includes platinum and the non-transition metal in a molar ratio of 100:1.80 to 100:4.00, a method of preparing the same, and a fuel cell including the same.

Abstract: In a method of predicting a position of an object at a future time point for a vehicle, video image information at a current time point and at a plurality of time points before the current time point acquired through a camera of the vehicle may be extracted as semantic segmentation image. A mask image imaging an attribute and position information of an object present in each of the video images may be extracted. A position distribution of the object may be predicted by deriving a plurality of hypotheses for a position of the object at a future time point through deep learning by receiving video images at the current time point and the time points before the current time point, a plurality of semantic segmentation images, a plurality of mask images, and ego-motion information of the vehicle, and calculating the plurality of hypotheses as a Gaussian mixture probability distribution.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate and a plurality of unit pixels disposed on the substrate. Each unit pixel includes a plurality of sub-pixels, a plurality of light sensing pixels, and a plurality of partition wall members. Each of the sub-pixels includes a light emitting element that emits light and a light emitting area from which the light is emitted. Each of the light sensing pixels includes a light receiving element that outputs a sensing signal corresponding to the light and a light receiving area that receives the light. In a plan view, each of the partition wall members surrounds the corresponding light receiving area and overlaps at least some of the sub-pixels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel benzotriazole derivative compound, a tautomer thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a hydrate thereof, or a stereoisomer thereof, which are related to a compound for inhibiting ENPP1, a composition for inhibiting ENPP1, and a method for inhibiting ENPP1.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a display device may include a display panel which may include a display area and a non-display area. The display panel may include a first subpixel including a first light emitting area, a second subpixel including a second light emitting area, a third subpixel including a third light emitting area, a sensor pixel including a light sensing area, a pixel defining layer separating the first through third light emitting areas and the light sensing area, and a partition wall disposed on the pixel defining layer to surround the sensor pixel.

Abstract: A steering wheel locking control apparatus may include: a power supply switch configured to receive power from a battery when an ignition switch of a vehicle is turned off; and a switch unit connected to a motor, turned on when power is received through the power supply switch, and configured to lock a steering wheel through a closed circuit formed by shorting phases of the motor.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for producing a cell-culturing polyvinyl alcohol-based nanofiber structure, the method comprising: electrospinning an electrospun solution to form a nanofiber mat, wherein the electrospun solution contains polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylic acid (PA) and glutaraldehyde (GA); crosslinking the nanofiber mat via a hydrochloric acid (HCl) vapor treatment; and treating the crosslinked nanofiber mat with dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent to crystallize the nanofiber mat.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte membrane having improved chemical or mechanical durability is provided. The present disclosure relates to a polymer electrolyte membrane, and the polymer electrolyte membrane according to the present disclosure comprises a porous support and a composite layer containing a first ionomer filled in the porous support, wherein the polymer electrolyte membrane comprises a first segment having a first durability and a second segment having a second durability, and the first durability is higher than the second durability.

Abstract: An intra prediction method and a device using the intra prediction method are provided. The intra prediction method includes the steps of: deriving a current prediction mode as a prediction mode of a current block; constructing neighboring samples of the current block with available reference samples; filtering the available reference samples; and generating predicted samples of the current block on the basis of the filtered available reference samples. The filtering step includes performing the filtering using the available reference sample located in the prediction direction of the current prediction mode and a predetermined number of available reference samples neighboring to the prediction direction of the current prediction mode.

Abstract: Provided is a novel compound capable of improving the luminous efficiency, stability and life span of a device, an organic electric element using the same, and an electronic device thereof.

Abstract: A method of personalizing a vehicle lamp includes drawing an image made up of a plurality of pixels that implement a vehicle lamp, based on an input by a user. The method also includes converting the drawn image into light-and-shade data that correspond to the pixels, respectively, multiplying a pixel light distribution value, corresponding to each pixel, by a weighted value based on the data resulting from the conversion, adding up results of the multiplication, and deriving total light distribution of the pixels that results when brightness of the vehicle lamp is the same as that of the drawn image. The method further includes comparing the derived total light distribution against a predetermined reference value and determining whether the derived total light distribution satisfies a predetermined light distribution reference, and applying the drawn image to the vehicle lamp when it is determined that a predetermined light distribution reference is satisfied.

Abstract: The present invention includes obtaining block type identification information on a partition of the current macroblock when the current macroblock is intra-mixed specifying a bock type of the current macroblock based on the block type identification information, obtaining an intra prediction mode of the current macroblock according to the block type of the partition of the current macroblock, and predicting the current macroblock using the intra prediction mode and a pixel value of a neighboring block.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an image decoding method, the method including generating a candidate list including motion information derived from a spatial neighboring block and a temporal neighboring block adjacent to a current block; deriving motion information of the current block using the candidate list; generating a prediction block of the current block using the derived motion information; and updating the derived motion information in a motion information list, wherein the generating of the candidate list is performed in such a manner as to include at least one information of the motion information included in the updated motion information list in a block decoded before the current block.